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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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syntax
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the organization of words into sentences
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Lexical categories
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parts of speech
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constituent
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discrete parts of sentences.
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open category
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a lexical category that can be added to
verbs adjectives and adverbs |
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Closed category
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a lexical category that cannot be added
prepositions pronouns determiners auxiliary verbs and conjunctions |
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phrase structure rules
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rules of a langauge
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recursion
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structures that fit inside of structures.
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typology
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study of grammars of different languages.
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substitution test
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substitute phrase or he she it for nouns and do so for verbs
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movement test
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move phrases around
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coordination test
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ppt 1015
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headedness
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central obligatory member of a phrase an np always has a n
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lexicon
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collection of words in a language
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referent
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the actual thing a word refers to
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sense
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metal representation of a word
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lexical semantics
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semantics of what individual words means
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compositional semantics
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semantics of what sentences mean
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Hyponymy
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relationship in which a word is more specific than another
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synonymy
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a relationship between two words in which they mean the same thing
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Antonymy
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a relationship between words in which they have opposite meanings
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componential analysis
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analyzing meaning by taking apart sentences
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truth value
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simply weather or not a statment is true
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counterfactual
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true but not possible statement
if i had a hammer |
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metaphor
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ppt 11-01
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truth conditions
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6.4.3
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pragmatics
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study of ways people commonly use words in conversation
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sentence
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group of words to express some idea
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utterance
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an event of a sentence being said
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felicitous
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a situationally appropriate utterance
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Gricean Maxims
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a set of cooperative rules that regulate conversation and enforce compliance
quality revelence quantity manner |
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Cooperative Principle
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conversation furthers the pursuit of the conversation
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entailment
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a kind of reasoning used to draw conclusions. If x proved y, y is entailed in X
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implicature
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to imply
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presupposition
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an underlying assumption that must be satisfied in order for an utterance to make sense.
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innateness hypothesis
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the hyypothesis in which language is innate to human beings.
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Sociolinguistics
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the study of the interrelationshi[ps of language varities and social structure
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dialect
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a particular noticeable difference in one groups speech to another.
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accent
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systematic phonological variation
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slang
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stylistic choice of in vocabulary
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jargon
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vocabulary associated with specfic techonlgical
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prestige
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what speakers of a language consider to be the proper dialect
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register
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different levels of formality
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speech community
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a group of people speaking the same dialect
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prescriptive standard
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the standard but which we make judgments of the right way to speak
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creole
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languages that arise in situations where the speakers in needs of a primary means of communication
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language contact
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the contact of two or more languages
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loanword
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the adoption of individual words from one language into another
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pidgin
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language that arises in a setting where two or more peoples come together for the purpose of trade
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