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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where would a fracture of the humorus be most likely to occur? What would be damaged and what with the outcome be? |
At the surgical neck, damage to the axillary nerve, preventing shoulder abduction from 15° to 90° |
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Know the arm mms, nuns, and arteries |
See power point |
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Know the Brachial Plexus |
See power point |
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Graves Disease
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Think Hyperthyroid |
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Metabolic Syndrome |
-AKA Syndrome X: Think Pre-diabetes -A cluster of risk factors that increases the likelihood of developing heart disease, stroke, and type two diabetes -Criteria for diagnosis in 3 or more of the following: 1. abdominal obesity: waist size 35"+for women or 40"+ for men 2. cholesterol: elevated triglycerides 150+ mg/dL or using cholesterol medicine 3. cholesterol: low HDL-CHOLESTEROL; <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women or using cholesterol medicine 4. High BP: systolic 135+ mmHg or diastolic 85+ mmHg 5. blood sugar: fasting plasma glucose level 100+ mg/dL – Etiology: no one cause, a collection of risk factors – Incidences: up to 1 in 4 adults, more common in older adults, individuals prone to blood clots and inflammation, may run in families – Treatment: management of risk factors
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
-X – linked recessive, inherited by boys, carried by recessive gene of mother. -Diagnosis confirmed my clinical examination, EMG, muscle biopsy, DNA analysis, and blood enzyme levels -District in Jean missing results in increased permeability of sarcolemma and destruction of muscle cells – Collagen, adipose laid down in muscle leading to pseudohypertrophic calf muscles -Impairments: 1. Progressive weakness from proximal to distal the beginning at 3 years of age to death in adolescence or early adulthood 2. positive GOWER'S SIGN due to weak quadriceps and gluteal muscles; children must use UEs to "walk up legs" and rise from prone to standing 3. Cardiac tissue also involved. 4. Contractures and deformities developed due to muscle imbalance, especially of heel cords and TFL, as well as lumbar lordosis and kyphoscoliosis -functional limitations: 1. Developmental milestones may be delayed 2. Ambulation ability will be lost, necessitating eventually use of WC 3. Progressive cardiopulmonary limitations -examination for muscular dystrophy 1. Muscle strength – MMT, dynamometer 2. Active and passive ROM 3. Functional testing 4. Skeletal alignment – check for lordosis, scoliosis, kyphosis 5. respiratory function, chest excursion during reading or spirometer 6. Assess need for adaptive equipment – Interventions, goals and prognosis 1. Maintain mobility as long as possible by encouraging recreational and functional activities to maintain strength and cardio pulmonary function 2. Maintain joint ROM with active and passive ROM exercises, and positioning devices, such as from standers were standing frames. Gastrocnemius and TFL shorten first. Night splints maybe used 3. Electrical stimulation of muscles for younger children may increase contractile ability 4. educate and support parents and family manner 5. Do not exercise at maximum level – may injure muscle tissue through an overwork injury 6. supervise use of adaptive equipment as needed 7. Disease is progressive, leading to respiratory insufficiency and death and young adult hood – Medical surgical management 1. Palliative and supportive, treating symptoms as they occur 2. Steroids increased life expectancy by decreasing pulmonary dysfunction. Antibiotics for pulmonary infections 3 orthopedic surgery for scoliosis – spinal instrumentation, muscle lengthening of gastrocnemius Beckers muscular dystrophy is a slower variant of DMD – emerges in late childhood or adolescence; cease walking around 27 years of age and death at approximately 42 years of age |
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Differential Dx for Claudication |
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Cushing's Syndrome |
Think Hypercortisolism -metabolic disorder resulting from chronic and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex -from drug toxicity – over administration of gluco-corticosteroids -Etiology: most common cause is a pituitary tumor with increased secretion of ACTH -signs and symptoms: 1. Decreased glucose tolerance 2. Round "moon" face 3. Obesity: rapidly developing fat pad on chest and abdomen; "buffalo hump" 4. Decreased testosterone levels or decreased menstrual periods 5. Muscular atrophy 6. Edema 7. Hypokalemia 8. Emotional changes -medical interventions: goal is to decrease excess ACTH: radiation or surgical XVision a pituitary tumor or control of medication levels and monitor weight, electrolyte, and fluid balance |
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Research Pyramid |
SRC CCC II http://www.slideshare.net/uqumrc/brief-introduction-to-different-types-of-studies?qid=b994563c-7243-4643-b4ad-11da63f2238e&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1 |
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Strength of Evidence |
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Respiratory vs Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis Part I |
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Respiratory vs Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis Part 2 |
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Respiratory vs Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis Presentations |
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Ideomotor vs Ideational Apraxia |
Ideomotor: person cannot do a task on command but may do it spontaneously Ideational: person no longer gets the "idea" of how to do every team task, for example washing hands or brushing teeth |
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SCI ASIA Scores |
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Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes |
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General spinal cord levels of impairment |
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Referral Patterns |
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Calcaneal and forefoot Varus and Valgus down right |
Forefoot Varus = Calcaneal Valgus when compensated for |
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Osteochondrosis |
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AVASCULAR NECROSIS |
Osteonecrosis |
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
AKA Brittle Bone Disease Inherited disorder transmitted by AutoZone will dominant gene – Characterized by abnormal collagen synthesis, leading to an imbalance between bone deposition and reabsorption -Cortical and cancellous bones become very thin, leading to fractures and deformity of weight-bearing bones -Medication: calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, calcitonin, and biphosphonate -Diagnostic tests utilized: bone scan and plain films will show old fractures and deformities. Serological testing is also indicated – Clinical examination assists in confirming diagnosis -therapy goals, outcomes, and interventions: 1. Joint/bone protection strategies 2. Maintain/improve joint mechanics and connective tissue functions 3. Implementation of aerobic/endurance conditioning or reconditioning, such as aquatic programs |
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Forefoot and Rearfoot/Calcaneal Varus and Valgus |
Forefoot Varus = Calcaneal Valgus Forefoot Valgus = Calcaneal Varus |
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UMN |
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LMN |
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Traumatic Nerve injury Levels |
CLASS 1- NEUROPRAXIA: injury to nerve that causes a transient loss of function (conduction block); nerve dysfunction may be rapidly reversed or persist for a few weeks; e.g. Compression
CLASS 2- AXONOTMESIS: injury to nerve interrupting the axon and causing loss of function and wallerian degeneration distal to the lesion; with no distraction of the endometrium, regeneration is possible; e.g. crush injury
CLASS 3 - NEROTMESIS: cutting of the nerd with severance of all structures and complete loss of function; reinnervation typically fails without surgical intervention because of aberrant regeneration (failure of regenerating axon to find its terminal end)
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Q - Angle |
Measurement of angle between the QUADRICEPS muscle and the PATELLAR TENDON – Normal is 13° for men and 18° for women -Angles < or > normal may be indicative of knee dysfunction and/or biomechanical dysfunction in the lower limb |
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DTR scores |
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MMT grades |
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Semi-Fowler Position |
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Myositis |
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Stages of ALZ |
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Rancho's Los Amigo's Cognitive Scale (TBI) |
1: No Response 8: Purposeful Appropriate Response |
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Various degree burns and patient presentation signs and symptoms |
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Know these terms: |
Somatoagnosia: A lack of awareness of the relationship of one's own body parts for the body parts of others Spatial Relational Disorders: Propagnosia: "face blindness" or inability to recognize faces Anosognosia: lack of awareness or insight - medical term for not seeing what ails you |
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Hoe SCI lesions affect function |
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Optimal scoliosis screening age range by gender |
The statement recommends that scoliosis screening programs screen girls twice (at ages 10 and 12 or grades 5 and 7) and boys once (at age 13 or 14 or grade 8 or 9). |
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When current using electrical stimulation is uncomfortable, what can be done to make the current more tolerable to the patient? |
Adjust the pulse duration |
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Maitland Mobilizations |
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Adson's Test to test for TOS |
1. Patient sitting 2. Find radial pulse of extremity being tested 3. Rotate head toward extremity being tested and then extend and externally rotate the shoulder while extending the head – Neurological and or vascular symptoms (disappearance of pulse) will be reported in upper extremity |
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Hyper-abduction (Wright) Test |
Identifies pathology of structures that passed through thoracic inlet 1. Patient sitting 2. Find radial pulse of extremity being tested 3. Move shoulder into maximal abduction and external rotation 4. Taking a deep breath and rotating head opposite to side being tested may extenuate symptoms -Neurological and vascular symptoms (disappearance of pulse) will be reproduced in upper extremity |
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Costoclavicular syndorme test (military brace test) |
Identifies pathologies of structures that pass through the thoracic inlet 1. Patient in sitting 2. Find radial pulse of the extremity being tested 3. Move involved shoulder down and back -Neurological and or vascular symptoms (disappearance of pulse) will be reproduced in upper extremity |
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Phalen's Test |
Identifies carpal tunnel compression of the median nerve Patient manually flexes both wrists holding them against each other for 1 minute Reproduces tingling and or paraesthesia into hand following median nerve distribution |
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Tinel's Test |
Identifies carpal tunnel compression of median nerve Tap region where medial nerve passes for carpal tunnel Reproduces tingling and or paresthesia into hand following median distribution |
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Ulnar Nerve tension test |
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Bruit: |
A bruit is an audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow. Although usually heard with the stethoscope, such sounds may occasionally also be palpated as a thrill. |
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Dependent vs Independent Variable |
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. For example, someone's age might be an independent variable. Other factors (such as what they eat, how much they go to school, how much television they watch) aren't going to change a person's age. In fact, when you are looking for some kind of relationship between variables you are trying to see if the independent variable causes some kind of change in the other variables, or dependent variables. Just like an independent variable, a dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it. Usually when you are looking for a relationship between two things you are trying to find out what makes the dependent variable change the way it does. Many people have trouble remembering which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable. An easy way to remember is to insert the names of the two variables you are using in this sentence in they way that makes the most sense. Then you can figure out which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable: "(Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable)."
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Uhthoff's Sign |
Uhthoff's Sign is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological, demyelinating conditions when the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, fever, or saunas and hot tubs. |
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Oppenheim's Test |
A clinical test used to identify upper motor neuron disease. -suggests pyramidal tract disease -like Babinski |
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Vertebral Artery Test |
-Checks the integrity of the blood flow through the artery in the cervical region. -Consists of passively placing the pt's head in extension and is flexion in a supine position. Then the head and neck are slowly rotated to the laterally flexed side and geld for 30 sec. -Some (+) signs: syncope, lightheadedness, nystagmus or visual dsturbances. |
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Validity in research |
validity of an assessment is the degree to which it measures what it is supposed to measure. This is not the same as reliability, which is the extent to which a measurement gives results that are consistent. -systematic sampling can threaten validity and random selection of subjects can improve the validity. |
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Unhappy triad |
MCL, ACL, and media meniscus Resulting from a combination of valgum, flexion, and ER forces applied to me when the foot is planted |
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Righting Strategies |
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