Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arthrology
|
Study of joints (anatomy, function, dysfunction, and treatment)
|
|
Joint/Articulation
|
a point where two bones meet, or between cartilage and bone; typically named after the bones involved (function and structure). They are classified by either their anatomical characteristics or by the degree of movement that they allow.
|
|
Joint functions
|
Diarthrosis,Amphiarthrosis,Synarthrosis,
|
|
Synarthrosis
|
A joint capable of little or no movement; ex. a suture
|
|
Amphiarthrosis
|
A joint capable of slight movement; ex. intervertebral joint
|
|
Diarthrosis
|
A freely movable joint; ex. elbow joint
|
|
Joint structure
|
Fibrous, Cartilaginous,Synovial
|
|
Structural classification of joints
|
Whether there is a cavity between articulating bones, and the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
|
|
Types of fibrous joints
|
Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmoses. Held together with fibrous connective tissue and contain NO joint cavity. Fibrous joints permit little or no movement
|
|
Sutures
|
(Stitches)
|
|
Syndesmosis
|
A joint that joins two bones by a ligament only, more fibrous connective tissue in either bands or membranes. The bones are generally further apart than sutures; ex. interosseous membrane that hold together the forearm. Amphiarthroses
|
|
Gomphosis
|
A joint that attaches a tooth to its socket. Synarthroses
|
|
Types of cartilaginous joints
|
Synchondrose, Symphyses.Lack a joint cavity
|
|
Synchondrosis
|
A joint that uses hyaline cartilage to join two bones, only classed as a joint until it ossifies in adulthood; eg. epiphyseal plate in childhood. Synarthoses
|
|
Symphysis
|
A joint that has hyaline cartilage covering the bone ends, and fibrocartilage disc in between. Eg vertebral discs. Amphiarthoses
|
|
Bony joint/Synostosis
|
A joint in which two bones, once separate, have been fused together by osseous tissue;eg. left and right bones of the maxilla
|
|
Synovial Joint
|
A joint in which two bones are separated by a space containing a slippery lubricant; eg. knee joint
|
|
Suture's function
|
Synarthrosis
|
|
Gomphosis' function
|
Synarthrosis
|
|
Syndesmosis' function
|
Amphiarthrosis
|
|
Symphysis' function
|
Amphiarthrosis
|
|
Synovial's function
|
Diarthrosis
|
|
Synostosis' function
|
Synarthrosis
|
|
Most common joint in the body
|
Synovial Joint, provides body movements , are more complex in structure than other joints. Diarthroses as they are freely moveable. Differ from other joints as they have a joint cavity
|
|
The area containing synovial fluid
|
the joint/articular cavity
|
|
The texture of synovial fluid
|
viscous and slippery; similar to that of an egg white
|
|
What gives synovial fluid its texture
|
albumin and hyaluronic acid
|
|
the function of synovial fluid
|
1)nourish articular cartilage2)remove their wastes3)clean up wear and tear cartilage tissue debris with phagocytes
|
|
What covers the adjoining surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint
|
hyaline articular cartilage
|
|
what encloses the joint cavity
|
a fibrous joint/articular capsule
|
|
the components of the joint/articular capsule
|
1)fibrous capsule2)synovial membrane. A sleeve like articular capsule that hold articulating bones together
|
|
Fibrous capsule
|
the outer layer of the joint capsule; continuous with the periosteum of the adjoining bones, responsible for holding the two bones that form a joint together
|
|
Synovial membrane
|
the inner layer of the joint capsule; made of areolar tissue; secretes synovial fluid
|
|
the function of the meniscus
|
1)absorb shock and pressure2)guide bones across each other3)reduce chance of dislocation4)distribute force across entire joint
|
|
tendon
|
a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
|
|
ligament
|
a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another
|
|
bursae
|
a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid
|
|
location of a bursae
|
between adjacent muscles or where a tendon passes over a bone
|
|
the function of bursae
|
1)cushion muscles2)help tendons slide over joints3)enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle by modifying the direction in which its tendon pulls
|
|
tendon sheets
|
elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon
|
|
Types of synovial joints
|
1)Ball-and-socket 2)Hinge 3)Saddle 4)Gliding 5)Condyloid 6)Pivot
|
|
Types of joint movement
|
1)monaxial2)biaxial3)multiaxial
|
|
hinge joint
|
one bone has a convex surface that fits in the concave depression of the other bone eg the opening and closing of a door or book, flexion and extension eg knee, elbow, interphalangeal joints
|
|
Saddle joint
|
Each bone is shaped like a saddle, curved in one direction and saddle shaped in the other, similar to a condyloid joint, but better range of movement. Eg the trapeziometacarpel joint at the base of the thumb, is the ONLY saddle joint
|
|
pivot joint
|
one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament formed from bone, or bone and ligaments, providing rotational movement.
|
|
composition of menisci
|
Fibrocartilage
|
|
gliding joint
|
both bones are flat or only slightly concave and convex,one surface glides over another(not angular)eg the joints between carpal bones
|
|
condyloid joint
|
one bone has an oval convex surface that fits into similarly shaped depression on the other bone, allows free movements but limited in some directions
|
|
ball and socket joint
|
Ball like surface fits into a cup like depression, free movement in all directions
|
|
ROM
|
Range Of Motion
|
|
proprioceptors
|
sensory nerve endings of tendons, ligaments, and muscles, that continually monitor and adjust joint angle and muscle tension
|
|
Factors affecting ROM and stability of a joint
|
1)muscle structure and action2)structure of the bones' articular surfaces3)strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons, and the joint capsule
|
|
Synovial joints accessory structures
|
Bursae and Ligaments
|
|
Synovial joints and bursae
|
Fluid filled sacs to help cushion movement of one body part over another and reduce friction, eg elbow and knee
|
|
Synovial joints and accessory ligaments
|
Located either inside or outside the joint cavity, they are formed from dense connective tissue and connect one bone to another. If inside they are intra-capsular, outside they are extra-capsular. Loaded in the end of the joints ROM to stop movement outside their range
|