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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The place of contact between bones, bones and cartilage, or bones and teeth; - Names usually derived from articulating bones; - More mobile = less stable |
Articulations (Joints) |
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Fibrous joints - dense irregular connective tissue; - Cartilaginous joints - fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage - Synovial joints - fluid-filled synovial capsule and articular cartilage |
Structural Classification of joints (based on intervening medium) |
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Synarthrosis - immovable joint Ampiarthrosis - slightly movable joint Diarthrosis - freely movable joint |
Functional classification of joints (degree of movement) |
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Relatively immobile - Bones may fuse over time - examples: suture, syndesmosis, interosseous membrane, gomphosis (only teeth) |
Fibrous joint |
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Relatively immobile - consists of bar of cartilage between bones - examples: synchondrosis (growth plate), symphasis (fibro cartilage between bone) |
Cartilaginous joint |
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annulus fibrosus: outer rings of fibrocartilage; - nucleus pulposus: softer, gelatinous center region; - shock absorbents and enable flexing of vertebral joints |
Invertebral discs |
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surrounded by fibrous articular capsule - Synovial membrane: thin inner layer that secretes synovial fluid which nourishes and lubricates structures; - articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage covering articular surfaces |
Synovial joints |
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Ligaments: bands of connective tissue running from bone to bone (capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular ligaments) - Articular disc (meniscus): pad of fibrocartilage that alters the shape of one of the joint surfaces e.g. knee; - Bursa - synovial sac lying between skin, or muscle/tendons, and bone that prevents friction |
Surrounding structures of synovial joint |
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Axes pf movement |
Uniaxial - one plane - Biaxial - two planes - Triaxial - three planes (rotation) |
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Synovial joint types |
Plane, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, ball-and-socket |
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Synovial joint movements |
Gliding: relatively flat bone move back and forth, side to side - angular: increase/decrease in angle between articulating bones - rotational: bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis - special: usually restricted to particular part of body |
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Angular movements |
Flexion: any motion taking body out of anatomical position Extension: going back into anatomical Hyper-extension: going beyond anatomical (neck, hips) circumduction: tracing a circle (not the same as rotation) abduction: taken away (\o/) adduction: adding back (/o\) |
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Rotational movements |
Attlanto-axial joint: neck (shaking no) - shoulder and hip joint: medial/lateral rotation |
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Special movements |
Supination: palm up - Pronation: palm down - "Got a bowl of 'SUP', 'PRO' it on the ground" - Opposition: Thumb touch pinky - Eversion: point toes away from each other - Inversion: point towards each other - Dorsiflexion: walk on heels - Plantar flexion: walk on toes -Temporomandibular (jaw): Elevation (open mouth) and depression (closed mouth); protraction (stick jaw out) and retraction (suck jaw in) |
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Set of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints - Rheumatoid, Osteoarthritis, and gouty |
Arthritis |
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Autoimmune disorder that attacks joint structures |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Most common arthritis - Wear of articular cartilage leads to bone-bone contact |
Osteoarthritis |
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Uric acid crystals in joints |
Gouty arthritis |
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occurs at the glenohumeral joint (between humerus and scapula) |
dislocation |
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occurs at the acromioclavicular joint (between scapula and clavicle) |
Separation |
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Lateral blow to locked knew tears: medial collateral ligament (CML), medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) |
Unhappy triad of knee |