divorciado divorciada

divorced (masc.) divorced (fem.)

extended (masc.) extended (fem.)

maternal (masc.) maternal (fem.)

paternal (masc.) paternal (fem.)

separate / separated (masc.) separate / separated (fem.)

brown (hair, eyes) masc. brown (hair, eyes) fem.

handsome (masc.) good-looking (fem.)

long (hair) masc. long (hair) fem.

dark-skinned (masc.) dark-skinned (fem.)

redheaded (masc.) redheaded (fem.)

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Lección 3

Lección 3

by HeatherSpanish, Jul. 2012

Subjects: spanish

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203 Cards in this Set

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	la familia	family
	el abuelo	grandfather
	la abuela	grandmother
	el esposo el mariado	husband
	la esposa la mujer	wife
	el cuñado	brother-in-law
	la cuñada	sister-in-law
	el gemelo la gemela	male twin female twin
	el hermanastro la hermanastra	stepbrother stepsister
	el hermano la hermana	brother sister
	el hijastro la hijastra	stepson stepdaughter
	el hijo la hija	son daughter
	único hijo única hija	only son only daughter
	la madrastra el padrastro	stepmother stepfather
	la madre soltera el padre soltero	single mother single father
	el medio hermano la media hermana	half brother half sister
	el nieto la nieta	grandson granddaughter
	la nuera el yerno	daughter-in-law son-in-law
	el primo la prima	male cousin female cousin
	el sobrino la sobrina	nephew niece
	el suegro la suegra	father-in-law mother-in-law
	el tío la tía	uncle aunt
	el gato	cat
	la mascota	pet
	los parientes	relatives
	el perro	dog
	casado casada	married (masc.) married (fem.)
	soltero soltera	single (masc.) single (fem.)
	viudo viuda	widowed man widowed woman
	vivo viva	alive (masc.) alive (fem.)
	adoptivo adoptiva	adopted (masc.) adopted (fem.)
	divorciado divorciada	divorced (masc.) divorced (fem.)
	extendido extendida	extended (masc.) extended (fem.)
	materno materna	maternal (masc.) maternal (fem.)
	paterno paterna	paternal (masc.) paternal (fem.)
	separado separada	separate / separated (masc.) separate / separated (fem.)
	las pecas	freckles
	los rasgos	traits
	alto alta	tall (masc.) tall (fem.)
	bajo baja	short (masc.) short (fem.)
	calvo calva	bald (masc.) bald (fem.)
	castaño castaña	brown (hair, eyes) masc. brown (hair, eyes) fem.
	de estatura mediana	of medium height
	delgado delgada	thin
	feo fea	ugly (masc.) ugly (fem.)
	gordito gordita	chubby (masc.) chubby (fem.)
	guapo guapa	handsome (masc.) good-looking (fem.)
	largo larga	long (hair) masc. long (hair) fem.
	moreno morena	dark-skinned (masc.) dark-skinned (fem.)
	pelirrojo pelirroja	redheaded (masc.) redheaded (fem.)
	la nariz	nose
	los ojos	eyes
	las orejas	ears
	el pelo	hair
	canoso	gray
	lacio	straight
	rizado	curly
	rubio	blonde
	la piel	skin
	corto corta	short (except for height) masc. short (except for height) fem.
	más _____ que	COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY more _____ than
	menos _____ que	COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY less _____ than
	tan _____ como	COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY as _____ as
	tanto _____ como tantos _____ como tanta _____ como tantas _____ como	COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY as much / many _____ as (masc.) (fem.)
	mayor	older
	mejor	better
	menor	younger
	peor	worse
	Spanish uses the definite article ___ followed by the singular form of the last name	los example: los Johnson
	Saber expresses knowledge of _____ and pieces of ___________.	Saber expresses knowledge of FACTS and pieces of INFORMATION.
	Conocer expresses familiarity with a ______, ____, or ____. Conocer also expresses __ ____.	Conocer expresses familiarity with a PERSON, PLACE, or THING. Conocer also expresses TO MEET.
	Object pronouns in Spanish _______ conjugated verbs or may be attached to infinitives. Examples: --Mi hermana? La respecto mucho. --Mi tío quiere invitarnos a una fiesta.	Object pronouns in Spanish PRECEDE conjugated verbs or may be attached to infinitives. Example: --My sister? I respect her a lot. --My uncle wants to invite us to a party.
	SUBJECT VS. OBJECT PRONOUNS yo --> m__ tú --> t__ él / ella / usted --> lo, __ nosotros(-as) --> n__ vosotros(-as) --> o__ ellos / ellas / uds. --> los, l___	SUBJECT VS. OBJECT PRONOUNS yo --> me tú --> te él / ella / usted --> lo, la nosotros(-as) --> nos vosotros(-as) --> os ellos / ellas / uds. --> los, las
	Spanish uses the __ ________ to mark full direct object nouns (but not pronouns) This is done to distinguish an object from a subject when both are capable of performing the action. __ ________ is required when both object and subject can perform the action. EXAMPLE: El perro caza AL gato / El perro caza SU cola.	Spanish uses the A PERSONAL to mark full direct object nouns (but not pronouns) This is done to distinguish an object from a subject when both are capable of performing the action. A PERSONAL is required when both object and subject can perform the action. EXAMPLE: The dog chases the cat / The dog chases his tail.
	To describe physical characteristics related to parts of the body, Spanish uses the ________ article (el, la, los, las), not a possessive (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, sus, etc) before a body part this is followed by an adjective. When an adjective is not used the definite article is omitted. EXAMPLE: Ricardo tiene pelo / Ricardo tiene EL pelo castaño.	To describe physical characteristics related to parts of the body, Spanish uses the DEFINITE article (el, la, los, las), not a possessive (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, sus, etc) before a body part that is followed by an adjective. When an adjective is not used the definite article is omitted. EXAMPLE: Ricardo has hair / Ricardo has brown hair.
	Just as in English, bueno and malo do not combine with más or menos. Instead, the following are used: mejor ___ peor ___	Just as in English, bueno and malo do not combine with más or menos. Instead, the following are used: mejor QUE and peor QUE
	To indicate that something is the best, the worst, and so forth, use the ________ article before these adjectives. EXAMPLE: El equipo de basquetbol es __ peor de todos.	To indicate that something is the best, the worst, and so forth, use the DEFINITE article before these adjectives. EXAMPLE: El equipo de basquetbol es EL PEOR de todos. (The basketball team is the worst of all)
	COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY Comparisons of inequality compare differences involving adjectives, adverbs, and nouns using the expressions más ___ and menos ___. EXAMPLE: Bill Gates es más rico ___ Mr. Smith.	COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY Comparisons of inequality compare differences involving adjectives, adverbs, and nouns using the expressions más QUE and menos QUE. EXAMPLE: Bill Gates es más rico QUE Mr. Smith.
	COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY Comparisons of equality express similarities between things. Spanish uses tan ____ with adjectives & adverbs and tanto ____ with nouns. EXAMPLES: Bill Gates es tan alto ___ Mr. Smith. / Estudio tantas horas ____ tú.	COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY Comparisons of equality express similarities between things. Spanish uses tan COMO with adjectives & adverbs and tanto COMO with nouns. EXAMPLES: Bill Gates es tan alto COMO Mr. Smith. / Estudio tantas horas COMO tú.
	When comparing similarities that do not involve an adjective, an adverb, or a noun, use tanto ____ (as much as) EXAMPLE: Mis abuelos no trabajan tanto ____ mis padres.	When comparing similarities that do not involve an adjective, an adverb, or a noun, use tanto COMO (as much as) EXAMPLE: Mis abuelos no trabajan tanto COMO mis padres.
	To say that someone is extremely (adjective), when the adjective ends in a vowel, drop the final vowel & add one of the following to the ___: --ísimo --ísima --ísimos --ísimas When the adjective ends in a consonant, just add the correct form of --ísimo	To say that someone is extremely (adjective), when the adjective ends in a vowel, drop the final vowel & add one of the following to the END: --ísimo --ísima --ísimos --ísimas When the adjective ends in a consonant, just add the correct form of --ísimo
	el bistec	steak
	la chuleta de cerdo	pork chop
	los huevos fritos los huevos revueltos	fried eggs scrambled eggs
	el jamón	ham
	el pavo	turkey
	el pollo	chicken
	la pechuga de pollo	chicken breast
	la salchicha	sausage
	el tocino	bacon
	mariscos	seafood
	el atún	tuna
	los camarones	shrimp
	la langosta	lobster
	las verduras	vegetables
	la ensalada mixta	tossed salad
	los frijoles	beans
	la lechuga	lettuce
	el maíz	corn
	la papa	potato
	las papas fritas	French fries
	la soja	soy (bean)
	la zanahoria	carrot
	las frutas	fruits
	la manzana	apple
	la naranja	orange
	el plátano	banana
	los productos lácteos	dairy products
	la leche	milk
	la mantequilla	butter
	el queso	cheese
	el queso de crema	cream cheese
	el yogur	yogurt
	los carbohidratos	carbohydrates
	el arroz	rice
	el cereal	cereal
	el pan	bread
	el pan tostado	toast
	la rosquilla	bagel
	la tortilla de maíz	corn tortilla
	los espaguetis	spaghetti
	los panqueques	pancakes
	los postres	desserts
	el helado	ice cream
	el pastel	cake
	las meriendas	snacks
	los dulces	candy
	la galleta	cookie
	la galleta salada	cracker
	la nuez las nueces	nut nuts
	las papitas	potato chips
	las bebidas	drinks
	el agua (f.)	water
	el café	coffee
	el chocolate caliente	hot chocolate
	el jugo	juice
	el jugo de naranja	orange juice
	el refresco dietético	diet soft drink
	el té	tea
	té caliente té helado	hot tea iced tea
	el vino	wine
	el vino blanco	white wine
	el vino tinto	red wine
	la cerveza	beer
	los alimentos	foods
	la mantequilla de cacahuete	peanut butter
	la mermelada	jam
	la salsa	salsa; sauce
	la sopa	soup
	la pizza	pizza
	el sándwich	sandwich
	agrio agria	sour
	aguado aguada	watered-down
	amargo amarga	bitter
	blando blanda	soft, tender
	cocido cocida	cooked
	crudo cruda	raw
	dulce	sweet
	duro dura	hard; tough (meat)
	pasado pasada	spoiled
	picante picoso picosa	hot, spicy
	salado salada	salty
	algo	something
	algún alguno alguna algunos algunas	some, any
	siempre	always
	jamás	never
	nada	nothing
	nadie	no one, not anyone
	ningún ninguno ninguna	none, not any
	nunca	never
	tampoco	neither, not either
	alguien	someone
	también	also
	el almuerzo	lunch
	la cena	dinner
	el desayuno	breakfast
	la comida rápida	fast food
	el plato principal	main course
	la ración	slice
	la ración de pastel	slice of cake
	la ración de pizza	slice of pizza
	el vegetariano la vegetariana	vegetarian (masc. / fem.)
	al horno	baked
	al vapor	steamed
	de vez en cuando	once in a while
	ya murió	he / she already died
	The simplest way to express negation in Spanish or English is to use the word no. Although English typically does not use double negation, Spanish must if __ is used. EXAMPLE: Quieres desayunar algo? / No, no quiero desayunar nada.	The simplest way to express negation in Spanish or English is to use the word no. Although English typically does not use double negation, Spanish must if NO is used. EXAMPLE: Do you want something for breakfast? / No, I don't want anything for breakfast.
	Negative words in Spanish can come before or after a verb. When a negative word comes after a verb, a __ must _______ the verb. EXAMPLES: --No desayuno salchichas nunca. --No voy a comer en ese restaurante tampoco.	Negative words in Spanish can come before or after a verb. When a negative word comes after a verb, a NO must PRECEDE the verb. EXAMPLES: --I have have sausage for breakfast. --I'm not going to eat in that restaurant either.
	The adjectives alguno and ninguno shorten to algún and ningún before ________ singular nouns. The plural forms ningunos and ningunas are not used.	The adjectives alguno and ninguno shorten to algún and ningún before MASCULINE singular nouns. The plural forms ningunos and ningunas are not used.
	los dos	both
	Remember that with gustar, you will need to use an __ before "los dos" because gustar literally means "to be pleasing to." EXAMPLE: __ los dos nos gustan las verduras.	Remember that with gustar, you will need to use an A before "los dos" because gustar literally means "to be pleasing to" EXAMPLE: A los dos nos gustan las verduras (We both like vegetables)
	With gustar, Spanish and English have _______ word orders to express the same thing because the subjects of each sentence type are different. EXAMPLE: Me gustan las verduras al vapor.	With gustar, Spanish and English have REVERSE word orders to express the same thing because the subjects of each sentence type are different. EXAMPLE: I like steamed vegetables. (las verduras / steamed vegetables is the subject)
	The verb gustar requires what are called indirect ______ or inderect object ________.	The verb gustar requires what are called indirect OBJECTS or inderect object PRONOUNS.
	An ________ object is a noun that expresses: 1) to whom something happens 2) for whom something happens 3) to what something happens 4) for what something happens	An INDIRECT object is a noun that expresses: 1) to whom something happens 2) for whom something happens 3) to what something happens 4) for what something happens
	In the sentence "I spoke to John" John is the ________ object of the verb spoke and I is the subject.	In the sentence "I spoke to John" John is the INDIRECT object of the verb spoke and I is the subject.
	In the sentence "Mary bought the tie for her friend" Her friend is the ________ object of the verb. Mary is the _______. The tie is the ______ object.	In the sentence "Mary bought the tie for her friend" Her friend is the INDIRECT object of the verb. Mary is the SUBJECT. The tie is the DIRECT object.
	In English, the indirect object ________ are: --me --you --him / her --us --them	In English, the indirect object PRONOUNS are: --me --you --him / her --us --them
	In Spanish, the indirect object pronouns are: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)	In Spanish, the indirect object pronouns are: 1) ME (me) 2) TE (you) 3) LE (him / her / formal sing. you) 4) NOS (us) 5) OS (informal & plural 'you all' - Spain) 6) les (them / formal & plural 'you all')
	When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used ______ the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time. EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.	When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used BEFORE the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time. EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
	To add emphasis or clarification, the preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes. EXAMPLE: ¿A __ te gustan? (You like them? / Literally: They are pleasing to you?)	The preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes to add emphasis or clarification. EXAMPLE: ¿A TI te gustan? (You like them?)
	When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used ______ the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time. EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.	When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used BEFORE the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time. EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
	To add emphasis or clarification, the preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes. EXAMPLE: ¿A __ te gustan? (You like them? / Literally: They are pleasing to you?)	The preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes to add emphasis or clarification. EXAMPLE: ¿A TI te gustan? (You like them?)
	Indirect objects don't just occur with gustar, they also occur with any verb to which you can add __ whom, ___ whom, __ what, ___ what, etc. EXAMPLE: Te doy mis verduras	Indirect objects don't just occur with gustar, they also occur with any verb to which you can add TO whom, FOR whom, TO what, FOR what, etc. EXAMPLE: I'm giving my vegetables to you.

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