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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Learning
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A lasting change in behavior or mental processes that results from experience
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Habituation
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Learning not to respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus
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Mere Exposure Effect
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Learned preference for stimuli which we have already been exposed to
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Behavioral Learning
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Forms of learning that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses
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Neutral Stimulus
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Any stimulus that prodcues no conditioned response prior to learning
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Acquisition
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Initial learning stage in classical conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus
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Stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response
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Unconditioned Response
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Response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
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Conditioned Stimulus
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A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit the conditioned response
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Conditioned Response
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Response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus
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Extinction
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Weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus
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Spontaneous Recovery
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Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time-delay
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Stimulus Generalization
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Giving a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
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Stimulus Discrimination
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Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar
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Experimental Neurosis
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Caused by confusing stimuli
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Operant Conditioning
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A form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences, by the stimuli that follow the response
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Law of Effect
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Responses that produced desirable results would be learned, or "stamped" into the organism
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Reinforcer
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A condition that occurs after the response and strengthens that response
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B. F. Skinner
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Believed the most powerful influences on behavior are its consequences
Believed in reinforcement "Skinner box" or operant chamber-device to study the effects of reinforcers on lab animals |
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John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
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"Little Albert" Experiment
Conditioned fear in a human In this case, furry objects like santa claus |
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Ivan Pavlov
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Studied reflexes in dogs
Discovered classical conditioning |
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Edward Thorndike
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Used rewards and punishments to shape behavior
Discovered Law of Effect Believed in organism's feelings, inentions, goals |
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Positive Reinforcers
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Stimulus presented after the response that increases the probability of that response happening again
Positive= add or apply |
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Negative Reinforcers
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Removal of an unpleasant stimulus that increases the probability of that response happening again
Negative=subtract or remove |