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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Classical conditioning
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form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response
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Conditioned stimulus
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initially neural stimulus
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Unconditioned stimulus
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stimulus that elicits an automatic response
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Unconditioned response
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automatic response to a nonneutral stimulus that does not need to be learned
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Conditioned response
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a response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that comes to be elicited by a neutral stimulus
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Averse conditioning
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classical conditioning to an unpleasant USC
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Acquisition
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learning phase during which a conditioned response is established
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Extinction
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gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus
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Spontaneous recovery
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sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus
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Renewal effect
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sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was acquired
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Phobias
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intense, irrational fears
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Stimulus generalization
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process by which conditioned stimuli similar, but not identical to, the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response
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Generalization gradient
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the more similar to the original CS the new CS is, the stronger the CR will be
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Stimulus Discrimination
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displaying a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus
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Higher-order conditioning
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the process by which organisms develop classically conditioned responses to CSs associated with the original CS
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Latent inhibition
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difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to a conditioned stimulus we've repeatedly experienced alone, with out unconditioned stimulus
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Fetishism
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sexual attraction to nonliving things
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Pseudocondtioning
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an apparent conditioned response that actually turns out to be an unconditioned response to the conditioned stimulus
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Operant conditioning
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learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behavior
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Instrumental conditioning
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organism's response serves an instrumental function
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Law of Effect
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If a response, in the presence of a stimulus, is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the bond between stimulus and response will be strengthened
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Insight
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grasping the nature of a problem
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Skinner box
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electronically records an animals response and prints out a graph of activity
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Reinforcement
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any outcomes that strengthens the probablity of a response
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Positive reinforcement
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administer something pleasant
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Negative reinforcement
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we take away something unpleasant
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Punishment
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any outcome that weakens the probability of a response
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Extinction burst
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shortly after withdrawing reinforcement the undesired behavior initially increases in intesity
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