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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what ways does operant differ from classical conditioning? |
In classical conditioning, the relevant outcome(US) arrives regardless of animals behavior. |
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In the case of Thorndikes cats learning to escape, |
Inside of the puzzle box; the movements that opened the door; the food |
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Thorndikes law is effect |
Both c and d |
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The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decrease the probability of that behavior |
Punishment |
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Discriminative stimuli are |
Stimuli that signal where a particular response will lead to a particular outcome |
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Main difference between |
Increases a behavior, decrease a behavior. |
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Positive reinforcement involves |
Adding an outcome to increase a behavior |
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Negative punishment involves |
Adding an outcome to decrease a behavior |
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Suppose a man has his drivers license revoked |
Negative punishment |
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Children may misbehave |
Positive reinforcement |
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Operate conditioning |
In order to obtain or |
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Which of the following drugs increases the ability of dopamine and thus increase activity in the reward pathway |
All of the above |
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The reinforcement mechanism in the brain involves the release of dopamine |
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) |
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One suggestion in regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in reinforcement is that |
Dopamine is involved in “wanting” a drug whereas opioids |
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The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning |
To predict outcomes of behaviors |
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Rats that are given a dopamine antagonist will |
Choose rat chow that is freely |
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A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to |
Rear up on its hind legs to relieve food when a discriminative stimulus |
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Early experiments showed that electrical stimulation of the ___ is reinforcing in rats |
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) |
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Drug addiction arises through the |
Operant conditioning principals of reinforcement |
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Heroin and morphine are highly addictive drugs that are classified as ____ because they target opiate receptors in the brain. |
Opiates |
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Amphetamines and cocaine are classified as ________ and work by increasing brain dopamine levels, thereby activating the dopamine reinforcement pathway |
Psychostimulants |
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Amphetamine causes dopaminergic neurons to release levels of |
Dopamine (DA) |
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Reduce the strength of the conditioned association between the R-O through |
Extinction |
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Avoiding the stimuli that trigger the unwanted response |
Distancing |
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Reinforcement of alternate behaviors |
Reduces likelihood of engaging in addictive behaviors |
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Delayed reinforcement |
A fixed delay before an addict gives into addiction |
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Naltrexone drug treatment |
Blocks opoiate receptors, indirectly inhibiting dopamine production. |
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Addictions to behaviors that produce reinforcements or highs, as well as carvings and withdrawal symptoms when the behavior is presented |
Behavioral addiction |
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A strong drug habit maintained despite harmful consequences |
Pathological Addiction |