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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Paved vehicular circulation (parking, drives - not the entry- , loading spaces etc.) should be at least ___ from any street right-of-way (property line along a street), and at least ___ from any other property line. |
4.5m (15') 3.0m (10')
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All buildings shall be set back at least ___ from any street right-of-way (property line along a street), and at least ___ from all other property lines. |
7.5m (25') 4.5m (15') |
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All development requiring site disturbance shall be set back at least ___ from any designated stream edge or other water body. What are the exemptions? |
15m (50') Activities that require direct water access are permitted (boat docks, boat ramps, etc.)
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All development requiring site disturbance shall be set back at least ___ from the edge of any designated wetland. |
30m (100') |
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What is not permitted within a floodplain? |
Enclosed structures and their appurtenances. |
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Define incompatible use. |
An incompatible use is where there is proposed commercial and an adjacent parcel zoned residential. Institutional used such as schools, libraries, churches, hospitals and daycare facilities are exempt. |
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There shall be a ___ setback provided from any property line where there is an incompatible use. |
7.5m (25') |
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The area within an incompatible use setback shall not be utilized for what? |
Structures, roads, and parking areas or for any active recreation purpose such as tennis courts, swimming pools, playgrounds or uses of a similar nature. |
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There shall be a ___ clear zone, free of obstructions, around active recreational uses such as football, soccer, baseball, volleyball, basketball or uses of a similar nature. |
9m (30') |
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What should not be located within an Active Recreation Setback? |
Pedestrian or vehicular circulation. (unless providing direct access to the recreation use). |
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When are guardrails required? |
On retaining walls where differences in grade level on either side of the wall are in excess of 0.75m (2.5') and are located closer than 1.0m (3') to a walk, path, parking lot or driveway on the high side. |
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How tall should guardrails be? |
Minimum of 1.1m (42") in height measured from the leading edge of a stair tread or adjacent surface. |
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Open guardrails must have what? |
Balusters or other construction such that a sphere with a diameter of 100mm (4") cannot pass through. |
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Which way should a baseball/softball field be oriented? |
East-northeast from home plate to centre field. |
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Which was should a football/soccer field be oriented? |
Long axis north-south |
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Which way should a tennis/basketball/volleyball court be oriented? |
Long axis north-south |
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Which way should passive and active solar systems be located? |
South-southeast to South-southwest |
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What is the maximum length for a cul-de-sac? |
240m (800') |
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Parking shall not back in what? |
Primary circulation or entrances. |
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Vehicular circulation used solely for ____________ is not considered primary circulation. |
Parking lot ingress/egress. |
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Vehicular circulation entrances must be directly aligned or offset a minimum of ___. |
23m (75') |
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Two-way vehicular circulation shall be a minimum of ___. |
8.0m (26') |
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One-way vehicular circulation shall be a minimum of ___. |
3.3m (11') |
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The minimum inside turning radius for automobiles shall be ___. |
5.5m (18') |
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The minimum inside turning radius for large vehicles (such as trucks, buses, and emergency vehicles) shall be ___. |
9.1m (30') |
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The dimension for a standard parking space shall be __________. |
2.7m x 6.0m (9' x 20') |
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The minimum aisle width for a parking lot shall be ___. |
6.0m (20') |
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Parallel parking spaces shall have a minimum length of ___ and a minimum width of ___. |
Length 6.7m (22') 2.7m (9') |
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Open off-street parking areas with more than 40 spaces shall have a maximum of ___ contiguous spaces without an island. Minimum width of a parking island shall be ___. |
Max 10 spaces 2.7m (9') wide island |
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Parking areas must be graded at a slope not to exceed ___. |
5% |
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What is not permitted in parking area design? |
Dead end parking areas. |
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The dimension of a standard bus loading/unloading space shall be _________. |
3.6m x 14m (12' x 45') |
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For all uses with a drive-up window (restaurants, banks, etc) and for all uses involving customers waiting in line while in their vehicles (car washes, fast-food, etc), in addition to the standard parking space requirements, stacking spaces for at least ___ vehicles, including the vehicle at the window, shall be provided for one window or unit. ___ additional spaces shall be provided for each additional window or unit thereafter. |
6 stacking units 2 additional stacking units |
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For all uses with an unattended drop box (mail, book, video, etc), in addition to the standard parking space requirements, stacking spaces for drop boxes shall allow space for ___ vehicles at the box. |
2 |
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Stacking spaces shall be located to allow for traffic movement around stopped vehicles to avoid stacked vehicles overflowing onto primary circulation. The width of a drive through travel lane shall not be less than ___. |
3.3m (11') |
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A stacking space shall have a minimum length of ___. |
5.5m (15') |
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If a drop-off/pick-up area is provide, it shall be designed to allow for what? |
The safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians. It shall also be designed to allow for traffic movement around stopped vehicles. |
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Drop-off/pick-up areas shall have a minimum length of ___ per vehicle and a minimum width of ___. |
6.7m (22') per vehicle 2.7m (9') |
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Service areas shall incorporate a minimum ___ turnaround to accommodate small service vehicles (such as panel vans). |
6.0m (20') |
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If parking spaces are provided for self parking by employees or visitors, or both, then accessible spaces shall be provided in each such parking area in conformance with what standards? |
1 space for between 1-25 spots 2 / 26-50 3 / 51-75 4 / 76-100 5 / 101-150 6 / 151-200 7 / 201-300 8 / 301-400 9 / 401-500 2% of total / 501-1000 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000 |
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Where should high density uses be located? |
Near existing roads for ease of access. |
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Slopes under 5% make construction_____? |
Easier! |
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Provide _______ between commercial and residential. |
Buffer |
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Locate high density uses on slopes of less than ____? |
5% |
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Locate medium density uses on slopes of ___ to ___? |
5-10% |
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What would be the only reason to removing existing vegetation? |
In order to solve an important HSW issue. |
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What uses should take advantage of street frontage? |
Commercial |
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What type of drop-off layout impedes traffic flow? |
One-lane. Allow for two-lanes when possible. |
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What should be controlled in the winter? |
Wind (from the East and West) |
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What should be controlled in the summer? |
Sun |
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Winter patio (2 orientation attributes): |
- shelter from North, Northeast - face South |
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The landform that most greatly affects microclimate is: |
slope and aspect/orientation |
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Drop-off loops should flow: |
counter-clockwise to passenger exits to the sidewalk |
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Intersections should meet at: |
90 degrees |
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What are the measurements of the cone of vision? |
Vertical: 30 degrees Horizontal: 60 degrees |
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Minimum width for a public stairway? |
1.0m (42") |
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Tread riser ratio (or formula)?
Range for riser height? |
2 * Riser+Tread = 660-685mm
114mm - 150mm
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General rules for stairs: |
- No single steps (at least 2, preferably 3) - Mark stairs with handrail, lights, stripes, etc. - Pitch tread 2% downward for drainage
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Height between stair landings? |
3.0m (10') vertical distance, preferably 1.5m (5') |
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Minimum widths for one and two-way wheelchair ramps? |
One-way: 0.90m (3') Two-way: 1.50m (5') |
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Max slope of wheelchair ramps?
Curb cuts max slope? |
1:12 (8.44)
1:8 (12%) |
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Distance between landings on wheelchair ramps? |
9.0m (30') |
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Maximum height of a well before an engineer has to sign off on it? |
0.75m (2.5') |
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Elevation determines what 2 integral things? |
1. General drainage pattern and extent of watersheds
2. Viewsheds |
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What types of soils are to be avoided when siting buildings? |
Poorly drained and wetland soils. Soils must have adequate load bearing capacity. |
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What types of soils are prone to erosion in steep slopes? |
Sandy or loose soils. May require mitigating design measures. |
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What does the presence of bedrock pose potential limitations for? |
Grading, drainage, and for siting structures and ball fields (require drainage). |
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Considerations for microclimate include the following: |
- orientation to sun and shade - passive solar design - minimizing heat gain in hot and humid climates - use evergreen windbreaks, shade trees, and deciduous trees for passive solar design, buffering north winds, or encouraging ventilation |
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Hydrologic characteristics are important in particular when dealing with: |
- depth to groundwater - drainage - surface water - seasonal variations |
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Sight line triangles at intersections |
- 45' x 45' from point where curb lines intersect on roadway - objects within these triangles, such as shrubs and groundcovers, have height limitations of 2'
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When to screen views with planting? |
- parking lots and roadways adjacent to residential uses, walks, or trails - incompatible uses
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Max. slope for a walk is ___. |
5% Anything greater is considered a ramp |
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Minimum width of an accessible route is ___? |
3' (0.9m) except at doors |
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What percentage of public entrances must be accessible? |
50% Including at least one ground floor entrance |
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Max. slope of a ramp? |
12:1 (8.33%) |
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Where should ramp landings be located? |
Top + bottom of ramp At each ramp run
Landing shall be at least as wide as the run that leads to it.
Landing shall measure at least 5'x5' (1.5mx1.5m) |
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Ramp landings are required when?
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When vertical rise reaches 2.5' (0.8m)
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Ramp min. length? |
5' (1.5m) |
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Porosity (of soil) |
Amount of pore space in a soil (related to grain size) |
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Permeability (of soil) |
Rate at which water will freely drain through a soil. Ex: clay soils usually have high porosity, but low permeability. May settle considerably when loaded with a foundation, but they have lower compressibility and high strength. |
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Soil strength |
Soil's ability to resist deformation (a function of friction and cohesion). |
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Cohesion |
Measure of the capacity of soil particles to stick together. High cohesion is mostly associated with clays. |
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Shear strength |
Measure of the frictional resistance and cohesion of a soil. |
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Bulk Density |
Refers to the weight per volume of any unit of soil. Rule of thumb: higher bulk density = greater support for foundations |
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Liquid limit |
Moisture content at which a soil tends to flow and will not retain its shape. |
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Plastic Limit |
Moisture content at which a soil deforms plastically. Soil is rolled into threads until it crumbles. |
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Soil Types |
Clay - C Silts - M Sands - S Gravels - G Organic - O High Liquid Limit - H Low Liquid Limit - L Well Graded - W Poorly Graded - P |
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Incandescent lighting (pros and cons) |
Colour rendition Warm white Short life |
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Fluorescent lighting (pros and cons) |
Colour rendition Long life Glare Poor optical control |
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Mercury vapor lighting (pros and cons) |
Good for lighting foliage Affordable Long life Exposure can risk health |
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Metal halide lighting (pros and cons) |
Colour rendition Optical control Short life |
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High pressure sodium lighting (pros and cons) |
Low maintenance Good optical control Poor colour rendition |
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Low pressure sodium (pros and cons) |
Longest life Poor colour rendition Poor optical control |
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Tips to ensure uniform lighting: |
1. Select which light is most appropriate (i.e. area, bollard, down, low down, or accent) 2. Confirm radius size of one footcandle 3. Ensure no dark spots between lights |
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Planting design in terms of physical environment? |
- soil - sunlight / solar exposure - precipitation - wind exposure - seasonal temp range - salt tolerance (if applicable) |
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Planting design in terms of design requirements? |
- directing movement - framing vistas - moderating the site environment - creating spaces / defining the base, vertical and overhead plane
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Planting design in terms of design character of the plant material? |
- height - mass - form (rounded versus columnar) - colour - seasonal interest - growth habits |
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When a lighted object can be seen from one direction only, above-grade accent lights can be used. Prevent glare by aiming fixtures away from observers.
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Uplighting for Directional Viewing |
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If the lighted object can be seen from any direction, then well lights with louvers should be considered.
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Uplighting for All Around Viewing |
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Up and down lighting is used to create this effect. Ground lighting is accented by shadows from leaves and branches.
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Moonlighting |
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Trees and shrubs with interesting branching structure can be dramatically expressed with this technique. This also provides additional security near buildings. |
Silhouette Lighting |
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Special objects such as statues, sculpture, etc can be lighted with well shielded fixtures with this technique. |
Spotlighting |
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This type of lighting produces circular patterns of illumination for general area lighting. Effective for groundcovers, low shrubs, walks, and steps. |
Spreadlighting |
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Induction Lamps
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No filaments |
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Pros and cons of straw mulch: |
available absorbent biodegradable Anchored in place (costly) Requires nets/tackifier (costly) Fire hazard |
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Pros and cons of wood fiber mulch:
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Low cost Available Does not resist erosion or protect from rainfall |
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Pros and cons of netting/fibre mulch
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Protects from rainfall Absorbs water Holds moisture Good slope protection Costly Install must be in contact w/ soil |
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7 common causes of slope failure
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2. Increasing fill on slope w/out adequate drainage 3. Removing vegetation 4. Increasing slope grade 5. Increasing slope length by cutting at bottom of slope 6. Changing surface drainage route 7. Changing subsurface drainage route |
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Hard, dense stone. Difficult to work with. Weather resistant, durable.
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Granite |
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Wide colour range, durable stone, easy to work with stone. |
Limestone |
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Durable stone, range of colours, earth tones, similar to limestone in workability.
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Sandstone |
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Durable stone, moderate to expensive, slippery when wet.
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Flagstone
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Durable stone, expensive, slippery when wet.
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Slate |
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Grade of brick which is resistant to freeze/thaw. Can be used as paving. Costly.
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Sx grade
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Grade of brick not recommended in zones which will be saturated w/ water.
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Mx grade |
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Installed in light duty (2 layers) to heavy duty (+/- 5 layers). Inexpensive and durable. Absorbs heat. |
Asphalt |
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Versatile and durable. Commonly used as paving material. Good life cycle costs. Options for colour and texture. |
Concrete |
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Rational Method formula for calculating peak discharge rates of stormwater
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Q= peak discharge (cubic feet per second) C= run off coefficient (ratio of amount of surface runoff to rainfall) i= rainfall intensity for a storm duration equal to the time of concentration A= area of the basin (or subshed |
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Site analysis: LC T HD S M V E O U V SS S |
Location and Context Topography Hydrology and Drainage Soil Microclimate Vegetation Existing Buildings Other Structures (ex.) Utilities Views Spaces and Senses Site Functions |