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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the significance of the fact that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilage rings; Of the fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly? |
The cartilage rings in the trachea reinforce the trachea walls to keep its passageway open regardless of the pressure changes that occur during breathing. The open parts of these cartilage rings allow the esophagus to expand anteriorly when large pieces of food are swallowed.
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What is the function of the pleural membranes?
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The pleural membranes produce lubricating serous fluid that causes them to adhere closely to one another, holding the lungs to the thoracic wall and allowing them to move easily against one another.
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Name two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa:
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The nasal cavity mucosa warms, moistens, and filters air.
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Define external respiration:
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External respiration exchanges gas to and from the pulmonary circuit blood and occurs in the blood.
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Define Internal respiration:
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Internal respiration exchanges gases to and from the blood capillaries of the systemic circulation.
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The tracheal epithelium is ciliated and has goblet cells. What is the function of each of these modifications?
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The cilia push mucus and dust off of the lungs. The goblet cells produce mucus.
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The tracheal epithelium is said to be "pseudostratified." Why?
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All of the cells of the pseudostratified epithelium rest on the basement membrane. However, some of its cells are shorter than others are and their nuclei appear at different heights. As a result, the epithelium gives a false impression that it is stratified.
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Why does oxygen move from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood?
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Due to simple diffusion, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood because the concentration of O2 is higher in the alveoli.
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What structural characteristic of the alveoli makes them an ideal site for the diffusion of gases?
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Thin walls, extremely large surface area.
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forms the Adam's apple
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thyroid cartilage
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a "lid" for the larynx
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epiglottis or elastic cartilage
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broader anteriorly
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cricoid cartilage
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External nares ®____(1) ____ ®____ (2) ____ ® ____ (3) ____ ® ____ (4) ____ ®
____ (5) ____ ® ____ (6) ____ ® ____ (7) ____ ® ____ (8) ____ ®____ (9) ____ ® ____ (10) ____ ® ____ (11) ____ ® ____ (12) ____ ® ____ (13) ____ ® Pulmonary capillaries |
The correct pathway is the following:
nasal cavity nasal conchae nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea primary bronchus secondary bronchus tertiary bronchus terminal bronchus respiratory bronchioles alveolar duct alveolus |
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The following questions refer to the primary bronchi:
1) Which is longer? 2) Which is larger in diameter? 3) Which is more horizontal? 4) The more common site for lodging of a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways? |
left
right right right |
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Appropriately label all structures provided with leader lines on the diagrams below.
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The answers are:
a = trachea b = bronchi c = secondary bronchi d = tertiary bronchi e = bronchiole f = alveolar duct g =terminal bronchiole h = respiratory bronchiole i = alveoli |
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nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration
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phrenic nerve
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"floor" of the nasal cavity
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palate
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food and fluid passageway inferior to the laryngopharynx
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esophagus
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flaps over the glottis during swallowing of food
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epiglottis
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contains the vocal cords
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larynz
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the part of the conducting pathway between the larynx and the primary bronchi
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trachea
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pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax
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parietal pleura
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site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood
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alveolus
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opening between the vocal folds
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glottis
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increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity
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concha
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The answers are:
a = Alveolar epithelium b = Capillary endothelium c = Red blood cells d = Nucleus of capillary endothelium |