La 1: Head

Front 1

Radiographic Eval of MS

Back 1

Systematic Approach

Hint 1

Position􀀃films􀀃in􀀃standard􀀃orientation
Evaluate􀀃all􀀃structures􀀃on􀀃all views􀀃
Determine􀀃if􀀃the􀀃finding􀀃is􀀃normal􀀃
Can􀀃always􀀃radiograph􀀃contralateral􀀃limb
Radiographic􀀃Findings Radiographic􀀃Diagnosis

Front 2

Radiographic Signs

Back 2

􀁹 Size
􀁹 Shape􀀃
􀁹 Symmetry
􀁹 Margination
􀁹 Alignment
􀁹 Location
􀁹 Opacity

Front 3

imaging modalities

Back 3

􀁹 Radiology
􀁹 Ultrasound
􀁹 Nuclear􀀃medicine
􀁹 Computed􀀃Tomography􀀃(CT)
􀁹 Magnetic􀀃resonance􀀃imaging􀀃(MRI)

Front 4

terminology

Back 4

Front 5

Skull

Back 5

􀁹 Complex􀀃structure
􀁹 Larynx,􀀃pharynx
􀁹 Nasal􀀃cavity
􀁹 Paranasal sinuses
􀁹 Guttural􀀃pouches
􀁹 Bones

Hint 5

􀁹 Mandible,􀀃maxilla,􀀃frontal,􀀃nasal
􀁹 Calvaria:􀀃Occipital,􀀃sphenoid,􀀃ethmoid,􀀃parietal
􀁹 Orbit
􀁹 Facial􀀃Crest:􀀃Frontal,􀀃zygomatic,􀀃maxilla

Front 6

Radiographic views

Back 6

Radiographs􀀃focused􀀃on􀀃area􀀃of􀀃interest
􀁹 Lateral􀀃(Lateromedial)
􀁹 DV􀀃or􀀃VD􀀃(Dorsoventral or􀀃ventrodorsal)
􀁹 Oblique
􀁹 RDLVO
􀁹 LDRVO
􀁹 Special􀀃views􀀃
􀁹 Temporohyoid articulation
􀁹 Temporomandibular joints

Front 7

Rostral head

Back 7

􀁹 Malocclusion
􀁹 Polydontia
􀁹 Oligodontia
􀁹 Tumors􀀃of􀀃dental􀀃origin
􀁹 Cysts
􀁹 Tooth􀀃root􀀃infection
􀁹 Abnormal􀀃tooth􀀃eruption
􀁹 Fractures

Front 8

Dental Formula

Back 8

􀁹 Horse
􀁹 Deciduous
􀁹 2(I􀀃3/3􀀃C􀀃0/0􀀃P􀀃3/3)􀀃=24
􀁹 Permanent􀁹 2(I􀀃3/3􀀃C􀀃1(0)/1(0)􀀃P􀀃3(4)/3􀀃M3/3)=36􀇦42

􀁹 Ruminant
􀁹 Deciduous
􀁹 2(I􀀃0/4􀀃P3/3)
􀁹 Permanent
􀁹 2(I􀀃0/4􀀃P3/3􀀃M3/3

Front 9

Back 9

Brachygnathism

Hint 9

maxilla extends

Front 10

Back 10

Prognathism

Hint 10

mandible extends

Front 11

Back 11

Four􀀃premolars􀀃
(PM)􀀃
Three􀀃molars􀀃(M)
Cheek􀀃teeth
PM􀀃2􀇦4􀀃and􀀃M1􀇦3
PM1􀀃“wolf􀀃tooth”

Hint 11

thin septum of alveolar bone
seperates maxillary teeth from maxillary sinus

Front 12

Back 12

VD view
nasal septum
narrow base of mandible

diaphysis, between incisors and premolars

Front 13

Back 13

Deciduous teeth
-dental caps

Hint 13

Front 14

Back 14

Eruption Cysts

Hint 14

4th mandibular premolar
persistent dental cap, ventral dilation, enlargement of alveolar bone
smoothly marginated thin opaque bone
benign process, distortion/conformation changes remodel over time

Front 15

Eruption cyst

Back 15

lamina dura develops cystic and distended appearance as tooth erupts
smooth and well defined

Hint 15

very opaque white line adjacent to periodontal ligament
thin rim of white bone becomes distended with cyst

Front 16

Tooth root abscess

Back 16

􀁹 Loss􀀃of􀀃lamina􀀃dura detail
􀁹 Lysis of􀀃periapical bone
􀁹Sclerosis􀀃of􀀃surrounding􀀃bone
􀁹Destruction􀀃of􀀃the􀀃apex􀀃of􀀃the􀀃tooth􀀃root

Hint 16

Maxilla
􀁹 Secondary􀀃sinusitis (esp maxillary sinuse)
Mandible
􀁹 Periostitis (bone rxn)
􀁹Distortion/thickening􀀃of􀀃cortex
􀁹 Draining􀀃tract
􀁹 Soft􀀃tissue􀀃swelling

Front 17

Back 17

Tooth Root Abscess

Hint 17

loss of lamina dura
lysis of periapical bone
roots are not distinct
draining tract
sclerosis
thickened cortex

Front 18

Back 18

uneven wear

Front 19

nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Back 19

Conchofrontal
􀁹*Indirectly􀀃nasal􀀃cavity􀀃(via􀀃caudal􀀃maxillary􀀃sinus)
􀁹Directly􀀃caudal􀀃maxillary􀀃sinus􀀃(frontomaxillary)

Caudal􀀃maxillary
􀁹 Overlie􀀃maxillary􀀃molars
􀁹
Rostral􀀃maxillary
􀁹Overlie􀀃maxillary􀀃molar􀀃and􀀃premolar
􀁹Oblique􀀃septum􀀃between􀀃maxillary􀀃sinuses
􀁹
Sphenopalatine
􀁹 Caudal􀀃maxillary􀀃sinus
􀁹Infrequently􀀃with􀀃the􀀃ventral􀀃nasal􀀃meatus

Nasal􀀃cavity
􀁹Nasomaxillary opening􀀃both􀀃maxillary􀀃sinuses
􀁹 Ventral􀀃and􀀃dorsal􀀃meatus

Hint 19

􀁹 Fractures
􀁹 Primary􀀃sinusitis
􀁹 Dental􀀃disease􀀃and􀀃
secondary􀀃sinusitis
􀁹 Dentigerous cysts
􀁹 Maxillary􀀃sinus􀀃cysts
􀁹 Ethmoid hematomas
􀁹 Neoplasia
􀁹 Nasal􀀃polyps

Front 20

Back 20

maxillary sinusitis

Hint 20

Respiratory tract dz
tooth root abscess
sinus cysts
tumors/masses

lateral view: look at fluid lines, rostral and caudal maxiallary sinus gas cap

Front 21

Back 21

paranasal sinus cyst

Hint 21

increased soft tissue opacity within the right maxillary sinues
soft tissue opacity extending into the right nasal cavity
less gass, loss of delineation, protrusion into cavity
left deviation into septum

Front 22

Back 22

maxillary sinus cyst

Hint 22

gas filled structure, with soft tissue opacity mass near turbinates

Front 23

Ethmoid hematoma

Back 23

originating from lining of ethmoid conchase
unknown cause

Hint 23

unilateral epistaxis
fluid in sinus, especially if extends into maxillarya nd conchofrontal sinus
soft tissue opacity withing the nasal cavity/maxillary sinuses

Front 24

Back 24

ethmoid hematoma
LVRDO view

Front 25

Back 25

VD view
large soft tissue mass
extending into cavity
right maxillary sinus

Hint 25

Front 26

Back 26

guttural pouches

Hint 26

eustachian tube diverticula
medial (larger) and lateral
stylohyoid bone
CN VII, IX, X, XI, XII
cranial sympathetic trunk
internal carotid artery
branches of the external carotid artery

Front 27

guttural pouches

Back 27

mycosis
empyema
chondroids (concretion of pus/purulent material)
hemorrhage (secondary to trauma)
tympany (gas distention over pouches)
masses
external structures/masses

Front 28

Back 28

fluid line in guttural pouch

Front 29

Back 29

guttural pouch empyema

Front 30

Back 30

retropharyngeal lymph node

Front 31

Back 31

epiglottis

Hint 31

epiglottitis
epiglottic entrapment
DDSP
subepiglottic cysts
artenoid chondritis

Front 32

Back 32

epiglottic entrapment

Front 33

Back 33

arytenoid chondritis

Front 34

Back 34

pharyngeal mass

Hint 34

Front 35

Incisors:
deciduous:
Permanent:

Back 35

6 days, 6 weeks, 6 months
2.5 y, 3.5 y, 4.5 y

Front 36

Cheek Teeth:

Back 36

PM2-4
M 1-3

wolf tooth?

Hint 36

PM1

Front 37

maxillary sinuses:

Back 37

Rostral maxillary sinus:
Caudal maxillary sinus:

Hint 37

PM4 and M1(M2)
(M2) M3

Front 38

Guttural Pouches

Back 38

Medial compartment larger than lateral