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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Finasteride, used to assist patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia , acts on which enzyme to inhibit conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone? |
5 alpha reductase
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Muddy brown casts in a urinalysis is a clue towards which renal process?
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Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
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Which form of nephrotic syndrome is most associated with heroin use?
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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What type of kidney stones are often implicated in recurrent UTIs?
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Struvite (Magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones
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What are the organisms that may lead to struvite stones?
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Urea-splitting bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, or Pseudomonas)
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What is the gold standard imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?
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Noncontrast spiral CT
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What kidney stones are most commonly missed on plain xrays?
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Uric acid stones
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Which type of renal tubular acidosis is associated with defect in proximal bicarbonate absorption?
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Renal tubular acidosis type II
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Which renal disorder can present both as nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
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What is the goal hemoglobin level in patients with end stage renal disease?
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11-12 g/dl (higher than this can increase risk of embolism or strokes)
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Which subtype of nephrotic syndrome is most commonly associated with hepatitis B infections?
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Membranous nephropathy
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Besides rhabdomyolysis, what three major conditions will produce blood in the urine without seeing RBCs in urine?
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Contamination with povidine, vitamin C excess, Paroxsysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
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What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient on hemodialysis with skin ulcerations and an elevated calcium-phosphate product?
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Calciphylaxis
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Which form of nephrotic syndrome is often associated with lithium use?
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Minimal change disease
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Proxmimal bicarbonate reabsorption is seen in which renal tubular acidosis type?
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Renal tubular acidosis type 2
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Excessive ingestion of licorice can lead to which electrolyte abnormality?
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Hypokalemia
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NSAIDS are known to cause allergic interstitial nephritis without eosinophils. What other class of medication is known to cause allergic interstitial nephritis without eosinophils about 33% of the time?
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
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How many days after aminoglycoside use can acute tubular necrosis arise?
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4-5 days
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What would you expect the C3 complement levels to be (increased/decreased/same) in a patient with post-infectious glomerulonephritis?
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Decreased
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What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis throughout the world?
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IgA Nephropathy
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