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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Biomechanics?
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Study of application of mechanics of structure and function of biological systems
Evaluates the motion and force |
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What is Kinesiology?
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Scientific study of human movement
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What is anatomy?
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The science and structure of the body
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What is functional anatomy?
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Study of body components needed to achieve or perform human movement or function
**helpful to set up exercise programs |
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What is linear motion?
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Movement along a straight or curved pathway
Focus is on direction, path and speed of object Ex. speed of a sprinter, path of baseball, path of bench press bar |
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What is angular motion?
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Motion around a point where different regions of same segment don’t move through same distance
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What is angular motion around an axis through a joint?
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What is angular motion through center or gravity?
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What is angular motion around external axis?
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What is Kinematics?
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Study that examines spatial and temporal components of motion
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What is kinematic movement analysis?
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Focuses on the amount and type of movement, the direction of movement and speed or change of speed of the object
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What is kinetics?
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Study that examines the forces acting on a system such as the human body
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What is dynamics?
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area of mechanics used to evaluate a system undergoing acceleration
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What is anatomical position?
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Medial
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toward from midline
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What is lateral?
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away from midline
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Proximal?
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position CLOSEST to reference point
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Distal?
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FARTHER away from reference point
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Superior?
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above reference point (UP)
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Inferior?
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lower than reference point (DOWN)
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Anterior?
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Front or ventral
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Posterior?
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Back or dorsal
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Ipsilateral?
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Same Side
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Contralateral?
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Opposite side
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Flexion?
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Bending movement
Angle between two adjacent segments decreases |
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Extension?
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Straightening movement
Angle between two segments increases as the joint returns to 0 +. |
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Hyperflexion?
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A movement that goes beyond 180° of flexion
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Hyperextension?
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When the extension movement continues past the 0 point
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Abduction?
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movement away from the midline of the body or the segment
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Adduction?
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return of the segment back toward the midline of the body or segment
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Hyperabduction?
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occur in shoulder as the arm moves more than 180° from the side, past the head
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Hyperadduction?
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arm or thigh as the adduction continues past 0 so that the limb crosses the body
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Internal rotation?
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movement of a segment around a vertical axis running through the segment toward the midline of the body while the posterior surface moves away form midline
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External rotation?
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movement of a segment around a vertical axis running through the segment so that the anterior surface of the segment moves away from the midline of the body, while posterior surface moves toward midline
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Lateral Flexion?
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used for movements of the head and trunk (head tilted side ways)
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Elevation?
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Raising the scapula as in the shoulder shrug
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Depression?
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lowering of the scapula
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Protraction or abduction?
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movement of the two scapula away form each other as in rounding shoulders
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Retraction or adduction?
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movement of two scapula towards each other.
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Upward or lateral rotation?
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when scapulas swing out so that the bottom of the scapula move away from the trunk
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Downward or medial rotation?
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when scapula swing down back into resting position toward trunk.
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Tipping?
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when inferior portion of the scapula moves away from thorax.
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Winging?
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when the medial border of scapula move away from thorax
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Horizontal Adduction (flexion)?
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arm and thigh; combination of flexion and adduction. Movement of arm or thigh across body, toward midline, using movement horizontal to the ground
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Horizontal Abduction (extension)
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arm and thigh; combination of extension and abduction. Movement of the arm or thigh away from the midline of the body in horizontal direction, horizontal to the ground
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Supination?
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Movement of forearm in which palm rotates to face forward from the fundamental starting position
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Pronation?
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Movement in which the palm faces backwards
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Radial Flexion (deviation)?
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hand toward thumb or radial side.
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Ulnar Flexion (deviation)?
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hand toward little finger or ulnar side of forearm
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Plantar Flexion?
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bottom of foot moves down and angle formed between foot and leg increases (POINTS DOWNWARD)
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Dorsi-Flexion?
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foot up toward the leg that decreases the relative angle between leg and foot (POINT TOE UP)
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Inversion?
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medial border of foot lifts so that the sole of the foot faces inward toward the other foot.
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Eversion?
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lateral aspect of the foot lifts so that the sole o f the foot faces outward, away from other foot
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Pronation of the foot?
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combined set of movements; Dorsi-flexion at ankle, eversion at the tarsals, abduction of forefoot.
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Supination of the foot?
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combined set of movements; ankle plantar flexion, tarsal inversion and forefoot adduction
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Forefoot adduction?
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when the forefoot moves toward the great toe side of the foot
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Forefoot abduction?
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when the forefoot moves toward the little toe side of the foot
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Circumduction?
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When the segment is moved in a conic fashion as the end of the segment moves in a circular pathway
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Absolute Reference system?
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three axis intersect in the center of the joint and movement of the segment is described with reference to a fixed angle
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Relative Reference System?
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movement segment is described relative to the adjacent segment (between the longitudinal axes of two segments).
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Sagittal Plane?
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Left and Right halves-flexion and extension always happens
Frontal axis (side to side) |
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Transverse Plane?
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Top and Bottom Halves- rotation happens
"Y" axis (superior/inferior) |
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Frontal/Coronal Plane?
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Front and Back Halves-abduction and adduction
Sagittal Axis (anterior/posterior) |
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Degrees of Freedom?
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joint allows the segment to move through one plane of motion (uniaxial) You can have:
1 df uniaxial 2 df biaxial 3 df triaxial |