Kin 3304 Exam 1

Front 1

Organelles - Nonmembranous

Back 1

always in contact with cytosol

Front 2

five compartments of mitochondria

Back 2

1. outer mito membrane
2. intermembrane space
3. inner mito membrane
4. cristae space
5.matrix

Front 3

free ribosomes

Back 3

scattered throughout cytoplasm
- excluded from nucleus and other organelles
-proteins made here ENTER the cytoplasm

Front 4

fixed ribosomes

Back 4

attached to rough ER
-proteins made here enter LUMEN (internal cavity) of ER
-modified, packaged for export

Front 5

parts of cell in order from right to left (there are 9)

Back 5

microfilaments - centriole, nucleus, ribosomes, lysosome, golgi apparatus, rough ER, mitochondria, smooth ER

Front 6

plasmalemma

Back 6

lipid bilayer- contains phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbs
purpose: 1. isolation 2. protection 3. seinsitivity 4. support 5. support 6. control of entrance/exit of materials

Front 7

microvilli

Back 7

sensory "fingers" containing microfilaments
purpose: increase surface area

Front 8

cytoskeleton

Back 8

proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes
Purpose: stength and support, mvmt of cellular structures and materials

Front 9

cilia

Back 9

membrane extensions containing microtubule doublets
purpose: movement of material OVER cell surface

Front 10

mitochondria

Back 10

double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing metabolic enzymes
purpose: produce 95% of ATP required by cell

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

purpose: control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis

Front 12

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nuclear pore

Back 12

site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits

Front 13

Rough ER

Back 13

synthesis of secretory products; itracellular storage and transport
>fixed ribosomes: modification & packaging of newly synthesized proteins

Front 14

smooth ER

Back 14

lipid, steroid, and carb synthesis, Ca ion storage

Front 15

Golgi Apparatus

Back 15

purpose: storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

Front 16

Lysosome

Back 16

vesicles containing digestive enzymes
purpose: intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens

Front 17

peroxisomes

Back 17

vesicles containing degradative enzymes
purpose: catabolism of fats and other ogranic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

Front 18

ER functions

Back 18

1. synthesis 2. storage 3. transport 4. detox

Front 19

Muscles Never

Back 19

PUSH

Front 20

Bones Never

Back 20

PULL

Front 21

MA step 1

Back 21

1. SIGNAL INPUT> Ach in synapse released from synaptic cleft
-AP generated
-along SR and down t tubules

Front 22

MA step 2

Back 22

2.CALCIUM TRIGGERED- AP triggers Ca2+ from terminal cistae of SR

Front 23

MA step 3

Back 23

3. CALCIUM REMOVES THE BEST FRIENDS- Ca2+ ions bind to troponin>troponins change shape, removing tropomyosins>actin active sites exposed

Front 24

MA step 4

Back 24

4. CONTRACTION- myosin cross bridges alternatively attach to actin and detach, pulling actin filaments toward center of SR; release of ATP hydrolysis, powers cycling process

Front 25

MA step 5

Back 25

5. CALCIUM REMOVAL - Ca2+ removal by active transport into SR after AP ends

Front 26

MA step 6

Back 26

6. BFFS BACK TOGETHER & EVERYTHING RESUMES NORMAL- Tropomyosin blockage restored blockin actin active site; contraction ends & muscle fiber relaxes