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178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who stated this: History is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his sources |
EDWARD HALLETT CARR |
EHC |
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According to him, history is an unending dialogue between past and present |
EDWARD HALLETT CARR |
EHC |
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An Arab Scholar who said that history is a story of societal development. He also wrote a book entitled “The Introduction” |
IBN KHALDUN |
IK |
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Translation of IBN KHALDUN’S book in Arab |
AL MuQaddimah |
AM |
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A notorious historian from early 1900’s who stated that history is a collection of thoughts and actions of civilized men |
WILL DURANT |
WD |
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Author of the book “History of Philosophy” |
WILL DURANT |
WD |
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According to him, history is a collection of biographies of “great men” |
THOMAS CARLYLE |
TC |
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Author of “The Great Men Theory” |
THOMAS CARLYLE |
TC |
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This term refers to people who are powerful especially those in politics |
GREAT MEN |
GM |
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A man from 17th century who defined history as “register of the crimes and misfortunes of mankind” |
EDWARD GIBBON |
EG |
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What kind of idea does EDWARD GIBBON showed in his meaning of history? |
PESSIMISTIC IDEA |
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According to him, history should highlight and feature the victory and triumphs of the people |
J.P. RIZAL |
JPR |
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His meaning of history focuses on the achievements of the people |
J.P. RIZAL |
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History came from a Greek word _________ meaning ________ |
Historía - knowledge obtained by inquiry or investigation |
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When did the meaning of history includes the PAST? |
12th century |
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History cam be defined in 2 ways. What are these? |
History is a narrative about the past History is a discipline or a field of study about the past |
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What are the four CHARACTERISTICS of History? |
1) Deals with what is relevant 2) Has 3 elements 3) History is different from a chronicle 4) History has no finality |
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Three elements of History |
1) People 2) Place 3) Time |
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History deals with _______ to make______. |
Interpretations Connections and Generalizations |
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Three “supporting details” why history is said to have no finality. |
1) Time is continuous 2) New evidences/findings 3) New interpretations/perspectives |
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Characteristics of history as a field of study about the past |
1) Relevance 2) Objective/Scientific 3) Subjective 4) A part of social science and humanities 5) Evolving - continues to grow/expand |
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What is sources in Filipino? |
Batis Pangkasaysayan |
BP |
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This refers to the selection of topics/sources of the historians |
History as subjective |
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Characteristics of history as a field of study about the past |
1) Relevance 2) Objective/Scientific 3) Subjective 4) A part of social science and humanities 5) Evolving - continues to grow/expand |
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This refers to history having SOURCES/REFERENCE |
Objective/Scientific |
O/S |
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What is sources in Filipino? |
Batis Pangkasaysayan |
BP |
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This refers to the selection of topics/sources of the historians |
History as subjective |
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This also refers to historian’s prejudice, bias, emotions, experience, and interpretations. |
Subjective |
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Before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, what are the two parties on war? Who are the Allies and who are the Central Powers? |
Allies: Russia/USSR, UK, France, (Serbia) Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman, Austrian-Hungarian, (Bulgaria) |
R,U,F |
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Under the history as subjective, the selection of topics/sources of the historians depend on______ and _______. |
a) Knowledge b) Interest |
K and I |
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In WWI, as an example of history as subjective, what treaty was signed in 1918 between Germans and Russians? |
TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK |
TB-L |
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Russians are also called as? |
BOLSHEVIKS |
B |
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Before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, what are the two parties on war? Who are the Allies and who are the Central Powers? |
Allies: Russia/USSR, UK, France, (Serbia) Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman, Austrian-Hungarian, (Bulgaria) |
R,U,F |
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According to the Bolsheviks, what is their “reason” why they agreed with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk after their war with Germany? |
Because they have different form of governance back then, Monarchy (under the Romanovs 1914) and Civil War (1918) |
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During the WWII, as an example of history as subjective, who are the allies and axis that time? |
Allies: US, UK, USSR Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan |
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Other term for Allies and Central Powers during WWI |
Allies: TRIPLE ENTENTE CP: TRIPLE ALLIANCE |
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History as part of ________ says that in history, society is the unit of analysis and it follows a methodology or rules |
SOCIAL SCIENCE |
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History as part of ________ says that history includes human experience, culture, literature |
HUMANITIES |
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Two main classification of literature |
PROSE POETRY |
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Two classification of PROSE? |
FICTION NON-FICTION |
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Non-fiction gives ________ and _________ |
ACCURACY TRUTH |
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[Under history as evolving] What do you call the practice of writing history back then? |
TRADITIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY |
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[Under history as evolving] What do you call the history of history writing |
TRADITIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY |
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Traditional Historiography focuses on three things. What are those? |
1) Political 2) Economic 3) Diplomatic |
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What is the method of Traditional Historiography? |
POSITIVISM |
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Positivism is similar to ________ |
Empiricism |
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A philosopher associated in POSITIVISM? |
Auguste Comte |
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Three historians who tend to rely on documents. |
1) Leopolde Von Ranke 2) Charles Victor Langlois 3) Charles Seignobos |
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What book says that “There is no substitute to documents, if there are no documents, there is no history” |
“The Introduction to the Study of History” |
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Who are the authors of “The Introduction to the Study of History” |
Charles Victor Langlois Charles Seignobos |
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In connection with POSITIVISM, who are the ones producing documents? |
GREAT MEN |
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Since POSITIVISM focuses on documents produced by “great men”, then we can say that this method is _________ |
ELITE-CENTRIC |
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When did Traditional Historiography rise? |
19th Century |
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In 20th Century, traditional historiography evolved to what is called as ________ or ________ |
NEW HISTORY NOUVELLE HISTOIRE |
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The term NEW HISTORY/NOUVELLE HISTOIRE was coined in _______ School of History |
ANNALES |
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What are the 4 focuses of NEW HISTORY/NOUVELLE HISTOIRE |
1) Socio-cultural 2) Women’s 3) History of Mentality 4) Rural History |
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One focus of NEW HISTORY/NOUVELLE HISTOIRE that focuses on everyday life |
SOCIO-CULTURAL |
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One of the focuses of NEW HISTORY/NOUVELLE HISTOIRE that focuses on LOCATING women in history |
WOMEN’S |
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Difference of Feminist History to Locating Women in History |
Feminist History is about the perspective of a woman on historical events |
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What are the 3 methods of NEW HISTORY/NOUVELLE HISTOIRE |
1) Oral History Methodology 2) Artifacts: fossils 3) Other social sciences |
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Oral history methodology us also called as _______ |
INTERVIEW |
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What is the purpose of Oral History Methodology/Interview |
Producing documents for people who cannot produce by themselves |
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An archive/book by Germans which is one sample work of a positivist |
MONUMENTA GERMANIAE HISTORIA |
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Counter part of MGH in the Philippines |
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS |
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Who are the two American “archivists” who wrote PH ISLANDS |
EMMA HELEN BLAIR JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON |
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An example of History of Mentality [Book] |
BIRTH OF PURGATORY |
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Author of the “Birth of Purgatory” |
Jacques Le Goff |
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According to the book “Birth of Purgatory”, purgatory was born out of ___________ |
People’s fear |
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According to the book “Birth of Purgatory”, purgatory was born out of ___________ |
People’s fear |
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Another book that is an example of History of Mentality where people believed in the ability of the king and queen to heal because of the idea of poverty. |
THE ROYAL TOUCH |
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Author of The Royal Touch |
MARC BLOCH |
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Explain: HISTORY AS INTERDISCIPLINARY |
The need to study other social sciences like geology, linguistic, psychology, etc in order to know the history of a subject |
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Explain: HISTORY AS INTERDISCIPLINARY |
The need to study other social sciences like geology, linguistic, psychology, etc in order to know the history of a subject |
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These serve as the flow of history or a visual representation of the past |
HISTORICAL MODELS |
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What are the four historical models? |
1) Linear 2) Cyclical 3) Spiral 4) Chaotic |
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How many volumes does the PH ISLANDS HAS? |
55 vols |
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This historical model shows that history has a definite beginning and end |
LINEAR MODEL |
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Linear model of history was believed to be a __________ view on history because of biblical intervention |
PROVINDENTIAL |
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An example of a religion in Persia who believes in the end of the world. |
ZOROASTRIANISM |
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What do you call the part of theology focusing on the final events of history or the end of the world? |
ESCHATOLOGY |
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The history which focuses on socio-cultural aspect is also called as ________ |
“HISTORY FROM BELOW” |
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Why is it called “History from Below”? |
Because the sources are the masses |
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What are the 4 phases of the world according to Zoroastrianism |
1) Gold 2) Silver 3) Steel 4) Iron |
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Why is it called “History from Below”? |
Because the sources are the masses |
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A highly dualistic religion which believes in good and bad |
ZOROASTRIANISM |
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Name of the good God of Zoroastrianism |
AHURA MAZDA |
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Name of the good God of Zoroastrianism |
AHURA MAZDA |
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Name of the bad God of Zoroastrianism |
ANGRA MAINYU |
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Name of the good God of Zoroastrianism |
AHURA MAZDA |
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Name of the bad God of Zoroastrianism |
ANGRA MAINYU |
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The name of the creature that is made out of metal created by Ahura Mazda |
GAYOMARTAN |
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When Angra Mainyu killed Gayamartan, what happened to the land? |
The land was fertilized |
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After the land was fertilized, what is the the name of the first plant that rise on the land? |
RHUBARB |
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Inside the Rhubarb plant are the first man and woman. Who are those |
Mashyoi (man) Masha (woman) |
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During the Steel Phase (in the beliefs of Zoroastrianism), when Angra Mainyu dominated the world, a savior has risen. His name is _________. |
SAOSHYANT |
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These are the anti-thesis of history which do not bother to study history because their argument is that, we cannot understand/access the past because we cannot go back to the past. |
POSTMODERNISTS |
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This refers to any material that can be used to gather information about the past. |
HISTORICAL SOURCES |
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Categories of historical sources |
According to FORM According to IMPORTANCE |
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Two types of Historical Sources According to Form |
1) Written 2) Non-written |
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One best example of Written Sources |
ARCHIVES |
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What is archives in Filipino? |
SINUPAN |
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An archive from Spain that can be found in UST. |
ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS |
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An archive that can be accessed in Ateneo? |
AMERICAN HISTORICAL COLLECTION |
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An archive that can be accessed in UP. |
PHILIPPINE RADICAL PAPERS |
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An archive in the PH |
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ARCHIVES |
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Sign of appearance of Saoshyant? |
Shining star |
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Examples of non-written historical sources |
1) Archaeological 2) Audio-visual sources 3) Mythology 4) Folklores (Epics) |
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Two examples of Archaeological sources |
Artifacts and fossils |
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An example of non-written historical sources which aims to give an idea to people to rationalize their surroundings. |
MYTHOLOGY |
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[Example of Mythology] Name of the anthropomorphic God of Hindus who has he power to remove obstacles |
GANESH |
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An example of non-written historical sources characterized by a long narrative poem depicting the lives of the heroes |
EPIC |
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An example of non-written historical sources which shows the PRACTICES, STORY OF SOCIETIES, and MORAL STANDARDS of the people |
EPICS |
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[Example of Mythology] A giant bird that swallows the sun and moon which explains the ELLIPSES |
MINOKAWA |
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An epic of the Igorots |
BIAG NI LAM-ANG |
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[BIAG NI LAM-ANG] What do you call the beheading practice of the Igorots |
PAGKAKANYAW |
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[BIAG NI LAM-ANG] The practice of implanting a gold tooth |
PAGPUPUSAD |
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The MAJI in Zoroastrianism are ________. |
Zoroastrianism Priests |
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[BIAG NI LAM-ANG] Practice of offering something to the family of the woman |
PAGBIBIGAY-KAYA/PAGBIBIGAY SUSO |
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An example of an Epic in Bicol Region |
IBALON |
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Who is the hero in IBALON |
HANDIONG |
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An example of an epic in India about a family conflict |
MAHABHARATA |
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The conflict in Mahabharata is called ________ |
KURUKSHETRA WAR |
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The Kurukshetra War is between ________ and ________ |
KAURAVAS VS 5 PANDAVAS |
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Kauravas and Pandavas are _______ |
Cousins |
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The most important part of Mahabharata |
BHAGAVAD GITA |
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[MAHABHARATA] The moral and religious practices of hindus |
DHARMA |
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[MAHABHARATA] What is the caste system of Hindus? |
BRAHMAN KSHATRIYA VAISHYAS SHUDRAS DALIT (Untouchables) |
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The phase of the world according to Zoroastrianism where the “notion of judgment” as created. |
IRON PHASE |
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A historical model which shows that history repeats itself |
CYCLICAL MODEL |
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Technically, history doesn’t repeat itself because _______ |
Time cannot be repeated |
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Three examples of “historical events” that is said to repeat |
World wars Chinese dynasties Rise and fall of empires |
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Give the 10 chinese dynasties |
Xia Shang Chou Qin Han Tang Sung Yuan Ming Mandu |
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This historical model shows that history cannot be repeated but has similarities. |
SPIRAL MODEL |
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A historical model which shows that historical events have no patterns and that they are different from each other hence, there is no connection. |
CHAOTIC MODEL |
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[MAHABHARATA - CASTE SYSTEM] Who are the intellectuals or preachers? |
BRAHMAN |
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A historical source coming from an eyewitness. |
PRIMARY SOURCE |
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A historical source from an official record or account. |
PRIMARY SOURCE |
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These are sources produced during the period under consideration and an example of a primary source |
CONTEMPORANEOUS SOURCE |
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A historical source which gives raw data or information |
PRIMARY SOURCE |
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A historical source with an indirect connection with the study under consideration. |
SECONDARY SOURCE |
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A historical source which borrows information from the primary ones. |
SECONDARY SOURCES |
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A historical source which includes INTERPRETATION/ANALYSIS. |
SECONDARY SOURCE |
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This refers to the evaluation of historical sources. |
HISTORICAL CRITICISM |
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What are the two categories of Historical Criticism? |
1) EXTERNAL/SURFACE CRITICISM 2) INTERNAL/HIGHER CRITICISM |
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What are the three things that should consider in an external/surface criticism? |
1) Physical attribute 2) Provenance/origin 3) Originality |
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[MAHABHARATA - CASTE SYSTEM] Who are the monarchs, soldiers, and government officials? |
KSHATRIYA |
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A historical criticism which focuses on the AUTHENTICITY |
EXTERNAL/SURFACE CRITICISM |
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A historical criticism which focuses on the VERACITY/CREDIBILITY of the sources. |
INTERNAL/HUGHER CRITICISM |
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Three things to consider in the internal/higher criticism |
1) Contents 2) Motives of the author 3) Corroboration |
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[INTERNAL/HIGHER CRITICISM] Process of comparing with other sources |
CORROBORATION |
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[MAHABHARATA - CASTE SYSTEM] Who are the merchants and farmers? |
VAISHYAS |
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[MAHABHARATA - CASTE SYSTEM] Who are the servants? |
SHUDRAS |
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[EPIC - MAHABHARATA] What do you the cycle of birth and rebirth? |
SAMSARA |
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[MAHABHARATA] What is their goal in life? |
LIBERATION OR MOKSHA/NIRVANA |
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[MAHABHARATA - BHAGAVAD GITA] Who is the prince who talked to his chariot? |
PRINCE ARJUNA |
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[MAHABHARATA - BHAGAVAD GITA] Who is the chariot with whom Prince ARJUNA talked to? |
GOD KRISHNA |
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What are the two categories of historical sources according to importance? |
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES |
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A historical source which has a direct connection with the study under consideration |
PRIMARY SOURCE |
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A historian from Colombia who takes historical revisionism as a challenge and not necessarily bad because of new evidences |
Josef Hayim Yerushalmi |
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What is “History of Mentality” in German? |
Histoire des mentalites |
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What are the three importance of Geography in History? |
1) Place is an element of history 2) Geographic/Climatic/Environmental Determinism 3) Philippine Geography |
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According to this concept, the surroundings affect the people and so the history |
Geographic Determinism |
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Who coined the term Geographic Determinism? |
MONTESQUIEU |
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When does MONTESQUIEU coined the term Geographic Determinism? |
18th century |
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According to Geographic Determinism, different geographies produce different _________________ |
Kinds of people |
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When does the concept of RACISM arise in the concept of Geographic Determinism? |
19th century |
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This refers to the scientific classification of people by skin color. |
RACISM |
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“Father of Racism” |
JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH |
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What is the 5-RACE SCHEME created by JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACK |
1) Caucasians 2) Mongoloids 3) Malayans 4) Indians 5) Ethiopians |
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The negative side of RACISM is that it produces __________ |
HIERARCHY |
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The HIERARCHY of racism is based on the level of _____________ |
DEVELOPMENT |
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How does RACISM connected to Geographic Determinism? |
Degenerative Hypothesis |
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Define the Ph Geography in three characteristics |
1) Archipelago 2) Land formations: Mountain Ranges 3) Bodies of Water: River System |
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Philippines us included un the group of southeast asian countries called ________ _______ ______ |
Insular Southeast Asia |
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What is the reason why PH had a late revolution?
Because the PH Geography is ________ |
ARCHIPELAGIC |
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Because the PH Geography is “Archipelagic”, Filipinos had sa different ________ and ________ |
Cultures Languages |
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Refers to the knowledge can only be generated through SENSORY EXPERIENCE |
POSITIVISM |
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What is “History of Mentality” in German? |
Histoire Des Mentalites |
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