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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three types of joints
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fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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Fibrous joints
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bones joined by fibrous tissue; little movement, ex: skull sutures
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Cartilaginous joints
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joined either by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; variable movement, ex: pubic symphysis
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Synovial joints
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articular surfaces separated by fluid filled cavity; greatest movement, ex: shoulder and hip joints
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Articular cartilage
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avascular, smooth surfaces, covers the articular surfaces, often degenerates with aging or injury
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Fibrous Capsule
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made of collagen fibers, encloses joint cavity by being anchored to periosteum on both sides of the joint cavity, highly vascularized, innervated by pain and proprioceptive fibers
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Synovial Membrane
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highly vascularized connective tissue, lines inner surface of joint capsule, does not cover articular surfaces, produces viscious fluid which lubricates the articular surfaces during motion, nutrient source
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Components of synovial joints
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articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, intra-articular discs/menisci, innervation
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ligaments
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specialized connective tissue structures helping to stabilize the jiont, can be capsular, extra-capsular, or intra-articular
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intra-articular discs/menisci
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fibrous or fibrocartilage structures attaches at periphery to joint capsule, present where flexion and extensions are associated with gliding (knee or wrist)
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sternoclavicular joint
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synovial joint, formed by articulation of medial end of clavicle with clavicular notch on manubrium of the sternum, separated into two cavities by an articular disc, only attachment of the upper limb with the axial skeleton
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sternoclavicular joint stabilizing structures
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anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament
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acromioclavicular joint
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weak synovial joint between lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion, articular disc present, more often dislocated
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acromioclavicular joint stabilizing structures
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coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, acromioclavicular ligament
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glenohumeral joint
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synovial joint between head of humerus and glenoid fossa, deepened by the glenoid labrum, loose fit allows for great freedom of motion, capsule attached to the margin of glenoid fossa and anatomical neck of the humerus, weakest inferiorally
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glenohumeral joint stabilizing structures
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coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments, musculotendinous cuff, tendon of long head of the biceps brachii, long head of triceps
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bursae
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thin walled sac lined with a synovial membrane which acts to allow smooth movement of one structure over or past another
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bursae stabilizing structures
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subdeltoid bursa, subscapular bursa
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costoclavicular ligament
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most important in preventing displacement of sternoclavicular joint
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coracoclavicular ligament
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main support of acromioclavicular joint
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coracoacromial ligament
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part of coraco-acromial arch
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acromioclavicular ligament
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rather weak ligament of the acromioclavicular joint
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glenohumeral ligament
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reinforces the joint capsule anteriorly on its internal surface (superior, middle, inferior ligaments form a Z)
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musculotendinous cuff
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as the tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis cross the joint, they help to reinforce the capsule, helps prevent superior and posterior displacement of the humerus
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tendon of long head of the biceps brachii
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pierces the joint capsule as the tendon travels in the intertubercular groove; contained within a synovial sheath, held in place by the transverse humeral ligament; gives support to the superior aspect of the joint
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long head of triceps
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help stabilize the abducted humerus
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subdeltoid bursa
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located between the supraspinatus tendon and the overlying acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and anterior portion of deltoid muscle (coracoacromial arch)
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subscapular bursa
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often continuous with the glenohumeral joint capsule; facilitates movement of subscapularis tendon during abduction
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