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61 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Pest Control Advisor (P.C.A.) |
In California, a person licensed to recommend the agricultural use of a pest control product or technique. |
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Agency that regulates pesticide registration, sale, and use at the federal level through laws in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations. |
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calibrate |
to standardize or correct the measuring devices in instruments; to adjust the nozzles on a spray rig properly |
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Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) |
State Lead Agency for developing and implementing a statewide pesticide regulatory program. |
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County Agricultural Commissioner (CAC) |
Certifies private pesticide applicators and conducts local enforcement of pesticide use laws and regs in agricultural, residential, non-agricultural and structural pest control settings. |
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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) |
the federal law that governs all aspects of agricultural pesticide use in the U.S. |
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UC IPM Online |
UC Davis statewide IPM program; DPR contracts with UC IPM to develop pesticide applicator certification and training study guides and programs, exam questions, pest control guidelines, and other pest control info. |
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eradication |
total elimination of a pest from a designated area. |
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quarantine |
a period of enforced isolation that is required to prevent entry of undesirable organisms |
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pesticide |
any substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, killing, or mitigating problems caused by any insects, rodents, weeds, nematodes, fungi or other pests, as well as any other substance or mixture intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, or desiccant |
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insecticide |
a pesticide used to control insects |
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herbicide |
a pesticide used to control weeds |
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fungicide |
a pesticide used to control fungi |
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rodenticide |
a pesticide used to control rodents |
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pest |
an organism that interferes with the availability, quality, or value of a managed resource |
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natural selection |
the process whereby individuals carrying certain alternative inherited traits survive and reproduce more successfully under stressful conditions, thus increasing the predominance of their genetic traits in the overall population in succeeding generations. |
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phenotype |
physical attributes of an individual organism, based on the interaction between the organism's genotype and environmental conditions. |
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genotype |
genetic constitution of an organism as determined by the determined by the set of genes it carries |
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alternate host |
plant that supports the survival of a pest when its main host, usually a crop plant, is not available |
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cohort |
a group of individuals of the same species that are the same age |
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density-independent factors |
factors that affect population growth similarly regardless of population density; include disturbances such as floods, drought, fire, other unpredictable environmental conditions, and most pest control actions |
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density-dependent factors |
factors that have a different effect on population growth when populations are high than when they are low |
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epidemic |
a rapidly spreading outbreak of a disease
epi "among" + dēmos "people" |
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ecology |
the study of interrelationships between organisms and their surrounding environment |
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ecotype |
a locally adapted species population |
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ecotone |
a transitional zone between communities |
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ecosystem |
a community of organisms in an area and their non-living environment |
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agroecosystem |
an ecosystem managed for agricultural purposes; predominantly monoculture |
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organic matter |
any material derived from living organisms; in the soil, includes decaying plant, microbial, and animal matter |
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degree-day |
the amount of heat that accumulates over a 24 hour period when the average temperature is 1 degree above the lower developmental threshold of an organism |
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trophic structure |
the series of links in a food web that describes the transfer of energy from one nutritional level to the next
Greek trophikos, from trophe "nourishment" |
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saprophyte |
an organism that derives its nourishment from decaying organic matter
Greek sapros "putrid" + phyton "plant" |
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monoculture |
a planting system where one crop species is grown per field; predominant system utilized for crops in the U.S. |
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intercropping |
growing more than one crop in a field at the same time |
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limiting factors |
factors required for an organism's growth and survival. Short supply or overabundance of any one of these factors will hinder growth and development, and reproduction, resulting in reduced growth or reproduction, stress, or death |
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equilibrium position |
the mean level around which a species' characteristic population fluctuates |
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r strategists |
species that have high rates of reproduction and growth and are able to colonize new areas rapidly |
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k strategists |
species that demonstrate good competitive abilities when competition for resources is high |
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biodiversity |
the number of different species of plants, animals and microorganisms within an ecosystem |
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abiotic |
nonliving factors such as wind, water, temperature and minerals |
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pest management |
any activity directed at controlling unwanted organisms or avoiding their damage; can involve methods that prevent, suppress, or eradicate pest organisms |
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integrated pest management |
a sustainable approach to long-term pest management by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks. |
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pest |
any organism...
that interferes with the availability, quality, or value of a managed resource
that interferes with the activities and desires of humans |
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key pest |
a pest that, unless controlled, causes major damage to a crop on a regular basis |
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occasional pest |
pest that becomes intolerable only irregularly, often due to climate, environmental influences, or as a result of human activities |
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secondary pest |
pest that results from actions taken to control a key pest |
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synthetic organic pesticides |
manufactured pesticides produced from petroleum and containing largely carbon and hydrogen atoms in their basic structure |
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pesticide resistance |
the genetically acquired ability of an organism to survive a pesticide application at doses that once killed most individuals of the species |
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cross resistance |
resistance to multiple pesticides with the same mode of action after being introduced to only one |
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tolerable injury level/economic injury level |
the pest density (or damage level) at which the cost of pest control is less than the cost of the damage the pest infestation causes economic damage to the crop |
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aesthetic injury level |
the level of pest damage or pest populations the general public will tolerate on an ornamental plant |
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treatment/economic/action threshold |
the level of pest population at which a pesticide or other control method is needed to prevent eventual economic injury to the crop |
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host plant resistance/tolerance |
the ability of a plant cultivar to ward off or resist attack by pests that damage other cultivars of the same species |
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fallowing |
leaving a field empty for a season or part of a season |
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biological control |
any activity of one species that reduces the adverse effects of another species |
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cultural control |
the modification of normal crop or landscape management practices decrease pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, survival or damage |
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mechanical and physical control |
control methods specifically taken to kill the pest directly or to indirectly make the environment unsuitable for pest entry, dispersal, survival or reproduction.
Examples are: soil solarization, screens, cultivation via burying plant litter that may harbor overwintering insects or pathogen inoculum, mechanical vertebrate traps, sticky traps for insects |
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chemical control |
the use of pesticides to control a pest |
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mode of action |
the mechanism by which a pesticide kills or controls a target organism |
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persistence |
amount of time it takes for a pesticide to degrade, measured in terms of half-life |
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field monitoring |
regularly going into the field, orchard, or landscape to systematically check for pests or damage symptoms |