Ipm Lecture 8 - Pest Management Types And Strategies

Front 1

what are 5 characteristics of IPM?

Back 1

1. specific to the pest

2. comprehensive for the production system

3. compatible with ecological principles

4. tolerant of pests within economically acceptable levels (don't need to totally eradicate them

5. maintain environmental quality

Front 2

what are the 3 main IPM strategies?

Back 2

1. do nothing

2. reduce pest numbers

3. reduce crop susceptibility

Front 3

When do we DO NOTHING?

Back 3

when pest density is smaller than the economic threshold

Front 4

define General Equilibrium Position

Back 4

a population's long-term average density

-need lots of information to determine this, constant monitoring

-what most IPM strategies are based on

Front 5

in what two scenarios do you use the reduce-numbers strategy?

Back 5

1) problem not severe, when GEP < ET and is not necessarily close

2) problem severe, when GEP is CLOSE TO OR ABOVE ET

Front 6

what is done in the reduce numbers strategy when the problem is not severe?

Back 6

1, find ways to dampen population peaks

2. leave GEP as is, as there is no economic damage

Front 7

draw a graph of time vs. insect numbers and label EIL, ET, carryiing capacity, and GEP of a problem not severe scenario

Back 7

Front 8

what is done in the reduce numbers strategy when the problem is severe?

Back 8

1. reduce GEP so pest population does NOT REACH ET

Front 9

describe in detail the 2 options for addressing a problem severe scenario (including options) when you have chosen the strategy of reduce pest numbers

Back 9

1) reduce carrying capacity

-reduce the favourability of the environment or its ability to provide habitat for the pest insect

-either increase crop tolerance or employ ecological/cultural management (rotation, tilling, temporal asynchrony)

2) reduce insect reproductive or survival potential

-reduce insect ability to find mates or to reproduce or otherwise survive

-e.g. sterile insect techniques, sterilize the males etc.

-pheromone traps, make them go to traps instead of finding actual females to mate with

Front 10

draw a graph of insect numbers over time if problem severe, option 1 were followed

Back 10

Front 11

draw a graph of insect numbers over time if problem severe, option 2 were followed

Back 11

Front 12

list the 4 insect pest types

Back 12

SOPS

1. sub-economic

2. occasional

3. perennial

4. severe

Front 13

draw: sub-economic pest numbers over time. include EIL and GEP. describe its defining characteristic and give an example

Back 13

highest population level is below both ET and EIL

Front 14

what is a sub-economic pest complex and what should you do?

Back 14

when two sub-economic pests are found together and their combined effects mean injury levels that reach EIL

-employ the reduce pest numbers - severe strategy.

-if they were separate you'd do nothing

example: corn leaf aphids and western corn rootworm

Front 15

draw: occasional pest numbers over time. include EIL and GEP. describe its defining characteristic and give an example

Back 15

-GEP is always below EIL, but there is an occasional spike that goes above the EIL

-pest is present most years but doesn't cause harm

Front 16

what strategy should you use for dealing with occasional pests?

Back 16

"therapeutic approach" - early detection; predict outbreaks and take action when EIL is reached, but don't try and reduce GEP because it's not worth it

-pest management programs here don't have to be complicated, insecticides go well as they're infrequently used

-example: green cloverworm on soybeans

Front 17

draw: perennial pest numbers over time. include EIL and GEP. describe its defining characteristic and give an example

Back 17

aka key pest

-very few pests are actually these

-GEP very close to EIL, in most years there is economic damage

-example: citrus rust mite

Front 18

what are the 3 reasons perennial and severe pests cause economic damage?

Back 18

1. high value crop

2. dense insect population

3. direct damage

Front 19

what 2 strategies should you use for dealing with perennial and severe pests?

Back 19

1. short term: reduce GEP temporarily

2. longer term: lower K or reduce GEP using complex/combined strategies

Front 20

draw: perennial pest numbers over time. include EIL and GEP. describe its defining characteristic and give an example

Back 20

GEP is permanently above EIL

-AKA key pests

-example: spotted alfalfa aphid (invasive)

Front 21

draw the bridge diagram, and study it

Back 21