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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was established through the Clean Air Act Amendments? |
Comprehensive federal law that regulates air emissions for stationary and mobile sources. - Air quality and emissions limitations - Ozone protection - prevention of significant deterioration of Air quality (by using filters, and other equip.) - Plans for attainment areas (Areas with have worse air quality than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards) - Emission Standards (Regulations on vehicles, aircraft, clean fuel cars, ect.) - Noise Pollution Regulations - Acid Deposition Control (Acid Rain Control) - Permits of Emissions ~It required large businesses to address pollutants released into the air, measure their quantity, and have a plan to control and minimize them as well as to periodically report. - Stratospheric Ozone protection ~regulates production and use of chemicals that harm the stratosphere
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What are the steps for groundwater treatment? |
1. Rapid Mix 2. Flocculation 3. Sedimentaion 4. Recarbonation 5. Filtration 6. Disinfection 7. Storage/Distribution |
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What are the steps for surface water treatment? |
1. Rapid Mix 2. Flocculation 3. Sedimentation 4. Rapid Sand Filter 5. Disinfection 6. Storage/Distribution |
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What is hard water and how does it occur? |
Hard water is when water has a high mineral content. It happens when water tickles down, or filters, though calcium and magnesium deposits containing minerals. |
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What is used to treat water hardness? |
Hardness is treated through softening, removing calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. |
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Describe Rapid Mix |
In this fast moving tank, a coagulant is added to help the impurities stick together to form large particles known as flocs. |
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Describe Flocculation Basin |
In this process the flow of water is slowed giving the floc time to grow larger. |
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Describe the Sedimentation Tank |
The large/heavy flocs sink to the bottom of the tank (sludge) and are pumped out. |
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Describe Recarbonation |
(Only in Groundwater Treatment)
CO2 is added to reduce the pH to about 8.5 |
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What happens in filtration?
What are the two types of sand filters used?
What are the different medias that can be used in the filters?
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Removal of small particles that didn't settle in the sedimentation basin.
Slow sand filter and rapid sand filter (rapid sand filter back washes due to clogging)
Single media: sand Dual Media: anthracite coal and sand Multimedia: anthracite coal, sand, and garnet |
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What are some disinfectants used in drinking water treatment? |
Chlorine Hypochlotrite salts Chloramines Chlorine Oxides Ozone UV Radiation
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What are the steps in waste water treatment? |
Preliminary Treatment ~removes large particles Primary Treatment (a.k.a sedimentation tank) ~Removes soluble organic compounds ~removes solids by settling ~ removes about 35% BOD and 60% solids Secondary Treatment ~removes about 85% BOD and solids Tertiary Treatment ~ Removes N and P, and also other toxic substances |
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Diagram of Waste water treatment with trickling filter: |
http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/ENV195WWI/clipart/trickling.gif |
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Diagram of waste water treatment with activated sludge: |
http://img.bhs4.com/ed/9/ed9c26e1fcf0ff0c22f11cb7f611fb384b1476a7_large.jpg |
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After waste is released from the secondary clarifier, sometimes white bubbles appear. What are the white bubbles and how are they suppressed? |
The white bubbles are detergents that passed through the treatment process without being removed or degraded. Spray nozzles are used to suppress the foaming. |
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Explain the role of these sludge management processes: - Thickening -Stabilization -Conditioning -Sludge Dewatering -Sludge Reduction
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-Thickening Procedure of increasing the solid content by removing a portion of the water - Stabilization (VERY EXPENSIVE) Anaerobic bacteria convert organics into CO2 and CH4 -Conditioning Chemical/Heat to facilitate water separation - Sludge Dewatering Physical process used to reduce the moisture content of sludge so that it's easier to handle - Sludge Reduction Chemical process through wet oxidation or incineration to stable solid |
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What is a watershed divide? |
is the line that separates neighboring drainage basins. |
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Is rain acidic or basic? Explain. |
Rain is naturally acidic. Due to the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere which combines with rain water to form weak carbonic acid. |
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What are some major indoor air pollutants? |
-Radon -Environmental Tobacco Smoke -Biologicals: ~CO2 ~NO2 ~Organic Gases ~Respirable Particles -Formaldehyde -Pesticides -Asbestos -Lead |
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What is the source of Radon? Where could Radon be found indoors? |
Some sources include Earth, rock beneath homes, well water, building material. It can also be found in stone/marble furnishing and basements.
Radon is produced through Uranium decay. |
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What are some sources of tobacco smoke? |
Cigarette, pipe, and cigars |
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What are some sources of Biologicals? |
wet or moist walls, ceilings, carpets, and furniture; poorly maintained humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and air conditioning; bedding; household pets. |
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What are some sources of Organic Gases? |
Household products including: paints, paint strippers, and other solvents; |
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What are some sources of formaldehyde? |
Pressed wood products (hardwood plywood wall paneling, particleboard, |
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What are some sources of Lead? |
Lead-based paint, contaminated soil, dust, and drinking water. (In the past it was used in gasoline) |