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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the characteristics of a living organism?
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Homeostasis
organization responds to enviroment composed of one or more cells acquire and use energy DNA determines form and function |
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What is the definition of a theory vs. a hypothesis?
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Theory: generalization that explains many observations. It has been tested and have yet to be disproved.
Hypothesis: Tentative, testable explanation for observed phenomenon |
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Scientific method:
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[OBSERVATION]
[FORM A HYPOTHESIS] [EXPERIMENT/TEST] [CONCLUSION] |
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describe the particles that atoms are comprised of:
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[PROTONS]
[NEUTRONS] [ELECTRONS] |
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how is the atomic number of an element determined?
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[PROTONS]
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What makes an ion positive or negative?
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How many electrons it has
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What is an isotope?
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Forms of a single element that differ in the number of neutrons
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[COVALENT BOND]
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bonds in which atoms share electrons
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[IONIC BOND]
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atoms that are bonded through electrostatic attractions(opposites attract)
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[POLAR COVALENT BOND]
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shared electrons pulled closer to the more electronegative atom
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[HYDROGEN BOND]
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formed when partially positive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partially negative atom in a polar covalent bond in another molecule(holds water molecules together)
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[SOLUTION]
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mixture of 2 or more substances
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[SOLVENT]
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the substance in which a solute is dissolved
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[SOLUTE]
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substance that is dissolved in a solvent
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[ACID]
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any substance that donates hydrogen ions when put into a solution
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[BASE]
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any substance that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution
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[pH]
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a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.
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[FUNCTIONAL GROUPS]
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the groups of atoms in an organic molecule that usually particapate in chemical reactions
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[MONOMER]
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single units(link together to make a molecule)
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[POLYMER]
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string of monomers
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[DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS]
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when molecules bond to one another and produce H2O--Water is given off in this reaction
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[HYDROLYSIS]
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when a more complex molecule is split into simpler molecules and water is required
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[SATURATED FAT]
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all C-C bonds
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[UNSATURATED FAT]
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at least one C-C bond is a double bond
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[DNA]
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contains the instructions for putting together proteins
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[RNA]
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takes DNA encoded instructions to the sites in cells where proteins are put together(stuck in the nucleus of the cell)
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[NUCLEUS]
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membrane bound department-->contains DNA
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[PLASMA MEMBRANE]
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outer boundary of the cell
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[CYTOPLASM]
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region inside the plasma membrane and outside of the nucleus
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[NUCLEOLUS]
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within the nucleus-RNA and proteins combine to make ribosomal subunits(will make up the ribosomes)
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[CYTOSKELETON]
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internal scaffolding that maintains the shape of the cell
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[CYTOSOL]
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fluid in which the cells organelles are immersed(outside of the nucleus)
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[RIBOSOME]
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structure that translates RNA to proteins
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[ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM]
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network of plasma membranes that have ribosomes embedded in the surface(in cytoplasm)
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[SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM]
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detoxifies potentially harmful substances and produces lipids(doesn't have ribosomes)
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[GOLGI COMPLEX]
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consists of membranous sacs with internal spaces. Receives proteins from the ER, modifies them and then ships them off to their final destination
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