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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Anarchy/Sovereignty
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No higher authority. In Int.Rel. this refers to states having no higher authority. States are legally equal, but not militarily
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Self-help
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Structure of anarchy. Raw-power-politics: "The strong do what they want and they weak suffer what they must"
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Unipolar
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One great power, can do whatever it wants
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Bipolar
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2 great powers, rivalries, (think Cold War). Fewer wars, but BIG when they happen
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Multipolar
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Many powers or more than two. Chaotic/uncertain, Lots of small wars
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Raison d'etat
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Reason of the state- Cardinal Richelieu- all other values, such as adherence to a religious code of conduct, were secondary in importance and, as such, were to be sacrificed when they stood in the way of promoting French national interests
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Nation
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People who perceive themselves to be members of the same group on the basis of ethic, linguistic, or cultural affinity
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State
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a sovereign entity that posses a permanent population, a well-defined territory, and a government capable of managing public affairs
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Nation-State
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Almost perfect match between a nation and a state (28% of current nation-states)
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Tragedy of the commons
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If everyone acts in their own self-interest, no one wins
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Selective Perception
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You see things only as you want to or can possibly see it. National decision-makers perceive international events as influenced by their belief system
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Cognitive Dissonance
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holding onto a set of beliefs. Bending what you know to be true to fit the status quo.
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Mirror Images
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Both sides suspect the other of doing the same things they are afraid of. Ex. Cold War and the Soviet view of the U.S. and the American View of the Soviets
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Realism and Power Politics
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ceaseless repetitive struggle for power due to the states having no higher authority to report to. You help yourself in whatever way possible
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Key Principles:
1. Politics governed by human nature (inherently conflictual and imperfect) 2. Self-help is necessary in international politics 3. Leaders must follow national interest 4. Trust your own power 5. If you want peace, prepare for war |
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Thucydides
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Original realist. Talked about Melos. "In world politics, the strong do as they will and the weak suffer as they must"
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Cardinal Richlieu
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Raison d'etat. Aligned Catholic France with Protestant powers during the Thirty Year's war against the Catholic Hapsburgs
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Machiavelli
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Realist. The Prince. How to gain power and hold onto it. You want to loose your power? Play fair. Want to keep it? Lie, cheat, tell people they have the power when really you are in control
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"Lessons" of history
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Looking back at the most recent and relevant senerio and saying "oh! Look what we learned! These are the lessons of history! We won't be making that mistake again"
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Prisoner's Dilemma
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Think of a game of 4-square
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Zero-sum game
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One side wins, the other side looses. Realist point of view
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National interest
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Nation before anything anything ANYTHING else. In realism, leaders must follow this
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Relative gains
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Realism. measure of how much one side in an agreement benefits in comparison with the other's side
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Liberalism
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Optimistic view of human nature; Internal characteristics of states important; democracies are important; international institutions and international trade
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Absolute gains
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Liberalism. Cooperating to advance mutual interests. International institutions provide a way to make this possible by reducing the odds of people backing out of their promises.
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Democratic peace theory
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Immanuel Kant- democracies are peaceful. If you let people vote on war, they most likely won't want to go. Democracies offer courts, not duals. Countries that are similar to each other don't fight with each other. More democracy= less wars
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Rational Choice
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decision making procedures guided by careful definition of problems, specification of goals, weighing the costs, risks, and benefits of all alternatives, and selection of the optimal alternative
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Dente
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a strategy of relaxing tensions between adversaries to reduce the possibility of war. Ex. end of Cold War
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Peaceful Coexistence
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Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's 1956 doctrine that war between capitalist and communist states is not inevitable and that inter bloc competition could be peaceful. Didn't quite work
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Levels of Analysis
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Foreign Policy influences---> Global influences---> State influences----> Individual influences
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Self-determination
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Break up empires
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Polarized Alliances
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the degree to which states cluster in alliances around the most powerful members of the state system
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Limitationism
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against the containment theory. U.S. can't afford to go into other countries. We can't over-extend ourselves. We should limit ourselves only to certain regions where we can have heavy influence. In the short run, we will align ourselves with dictators and some people who maybe will look good at first, but eventually we will make more enemies and it will be not so good.
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Containment
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a stratefy to prevent another state from using force to expand its sphere of influence
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Domino theory
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a metaphor popular during the Cold War which predicted that if one state fell to communism, its neighbors would also fall in a chain reaction, like a row of falling dominoes
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Isolationism
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a policy of withdrawing form active participation with other actors in world affairs and instead concentrating state efforts on managing internal affairs
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Appeasement
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a strategy of making concessions to another state in the hope that, satisfied, it will not make additional claims
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Long-cycle theory
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a theory that focuses on the rise and fall of the leading global power as the central political process of the modern world system
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Hegemon
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a single, overwhelmingly powerful state that exercises predominate influence over the global system
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Power-transition Theory
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as a new power gets closer to the equivalence of the established power, things get dangerous. Either the new power wants to challenge the old power or the old power wants to keep the status quo
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Liberationism and Roll Back
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Can't win by playing defense. Truman is playing to tie, not to win. We shuold be kicking the Soviets out of the countries they already control, not defending ones they haven't yet. Big talkers out of power, cautious in power. Ex. McCarthy
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Imperial Overstretch
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stretching your powers too thin and not being able to control it all.
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Thirty Year's War
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Gave us the nation-state. Gave us ideas on how/what they do and behave
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Peace of Westphalia
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Rights of States: self defense, independence, free agent in negotiating alliances, trade agreements, etc, legal equality, duties of states: non-intervention and honor agreements
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Wars of German Unificiation
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1. Prussia + Austria vs Denmark
2. Prussia vs Austria 3. Prussia vs France |
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Otto Van Bismarck
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"If you want to accomplish things in the world, they cannot be attained by giving speeches". Blood and iron. Leads the 3 wars of German Unification
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Schleswig and Holstein
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Denmark controlled German-speaking states. Bismarck goes to Austria saying "hey, let's team up and get these back. I'll take the Schleswig (higher) and you take Holstein (sandwiched in between)
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Alsace and Loraine
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Germany/France conflict region. Napoleonic Wars belonged to France. During the Wars of German Unification Germany took them back in their "harsh peace". During WWI France attacks through this region and Germany fails in their attack.
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WWI lessons
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1. Technology has made the defense dominant
2. The future will experience wars of position, not wars of movement 3. These conflicts will be protracted wars of attrition 4. Avoid crisis escalation, negotiate rather than strike first |
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Treaty of Versailles
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1. Weaken Germany (decrease in size, arms reductions)
2. Strengthen Britain and France (reparations, regime change in Germany 3. Liberal idealism (league of nations, self-determination (break up empires) |
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Dilantin
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Phenytoin
control certain type of seizures, and to treat and prevent seizures that may ... after surgery to the brain or nervous system. Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants |
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Polarized Alliances
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the degree to which states cluster in alliances around the most powerful members of the state system
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Limitationism
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against the containment theory. U.S. can't afford to go into other countries. We can't over-extend ourselves. We should limit ourselves only to certain regions where we can have heavy influence. In the short run, we will align ourselves with dictators and some people who maybe will look good at first, but eventually we will make more enemies and it will be not so good.
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Containment
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a stratefy to prevent another state from using force to expand its sphere of influence
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Domino theory
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a metaphor popular during the Cold War which predicted that if one state fell to communism, its neighbors would also fall in a chain reaction, like a row of falling dominoes
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Isolationism
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a policy of withdrawing form active participation with other actors in world affairs and instead concentrating state efforts on managing internal affairs
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Appeasement
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a strategy of making concessions to another state in the hope that, satisfied, it will not make additional claims
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Long-cycle theory
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a theory that focuses on the rise and fall of the leading global power as the central political process of the modern world system
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Hegemon
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a single, overwhelmingly powerful state that exercises predominate influence over the global system
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Power-transition Theory
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as a new power gets closer to the equivalence of the established power, things get dangerous. Either the new power wants to challenge the old power or the old power wants to keep the status quo
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Liberationism and Roll Back
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Can't win by playing defense. Truman is playing to tie, not to win. We shuold be kicking the Soviets out of the countries they already control, not defending ones they haven't yet. Big talkers out of power, cautious in power. Ex. McCarthy
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