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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Five layers of the epidermis
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Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale |
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Epidermis
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1. Outer layer of skin, composed of 5 zones of stratified epithelium (keratinocytes); contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells.
2. Responsible for the continual replenishing of skin, resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss. |
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Stratum corneum
1. Properties 2. Function |
1. 15-25 layers of dead, flat, keratinized squamous epithelial cells, without nuclei. Normally thin but thick over the soles of the feet and palms of the hands.
2. Resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss. |
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Stratum lucidum
1. Properties 2. Function |
1. Only found in thick skin (palms and soles of the feet). Transition between the corneum and lucidum layer.
2. Resists friction, waterproof, prevents water loss. |
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Stratum granulosum
1. Properties 2. Function |
1. 3-5 layers of keratinocytes containing keratin granules.
2.They form keratin and expel lipids which stick the cells together and form a waterproof barrier. |
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Stratum spinosum
1. Properties 2. Function |
1. Usually the thickest layer of keratinocyte cells, they are joined together by desmosomal connections. Also contains Langerhans cells.
2. Langerhans cells are part of the immune response. |
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Stratum basale
1. Properties 2. Function |
1. A layer of cuboidal-shaped cells, lined up on a basal membrane. It contains stem cells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes (pigment cells).
2. Keratinocyte cell division occurs here to replenish skin. Melanocytes protect the skin from UV. |
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Layers of the dermis
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Meissner’s corpuscle
Sebaceous gland Hair follicle Hair root Hair shaft Eccrine sweat gland Apocrine sweat gland ( in textbook) Pacinian corpuscle Arrector pili muscle Dermal papillae |
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Hair Bulb
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where hair originates in dermis
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Sebaceous gland
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secrete sebum, oil for hair
Talow |
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Hair follicle
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tube around hair
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Hair root
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portion of hair in follicle
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Hair shaft
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portion of hair above skin
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Eccrine sweat gland
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most numerous, sweat is 1% electrolytes, metabolites and waste products,
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Apocrine sweat gland ( in textbook)
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armpits, groin and anus, odor activate at puberty
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Pacinian corpuscle
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Laminated corpuscle
deep pressure and vibration |
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Arrector pili muscle
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causes goose bumps, always with a hair
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Dermal papillae
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are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis
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integumentary system
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skin and derivatives: nails, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands
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integument
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the skin that covers your body
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cutaneous membrane
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another name for skin
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dermatology
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scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system
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Vitamin D3
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synthesized from steroid related to cholesterol by some epidermal cells when they are exposed to ultraviolet radiation then made into calcitriol
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Epidermis
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epithelium of the integument
keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium |
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Stratum Basale
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stratum germinativum
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile(Merkel) cells |
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Keratinocytes
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make keratin
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Keratin
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protein in epidermal cells, made by keratinocytes
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Melanocytes
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transfer pigment granules into keratinocytes, give skin color
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Melanosomes
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pigment granules
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Tactile(Merkel) cells
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sensitive to touch(type of integumentary receptor)
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Stratum Spinosom
Epidermal Dendritic (Langerhans) cells |
immune cells: phagocytic activity initiates an immune response to protect against pathogens and epidermal cancer cells
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Stratum Granulosum
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3-5 layers thick, superficial to stratum spinosum
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Keratinization
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process of keratinocytes filling up with keratin, ends with death
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Stratum Lucidum
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2-3 cells thick, superficial to the stratum granulosum
only in thick skin= at the palms and soles |
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Stratum Corneum
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corneus= horny
most superficial, only visible layer 20-30 anucleate corneocytes |
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Thick skin
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has lucidum on palms, soles, no glands or hair
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Thin skin
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lacks lucidum
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Dermis
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CT layer of collagen, has 2 layers
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Papillary layer
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nipple
dermal papillae interlock with epidermal ridges |
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Reticular layer
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network
deeper, major part of dermis, mostly collagen |
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Striae
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furrow
stretch mark, torn collagen fibers |
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Lines of Cleavage
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the orientation of collagen fibers p130
incisions parallel to lines heal more quickly |
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Hypodermis
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under dermis
aka superficial fascia |
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aka subcutaneous
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beneath skin
NOT considered part of integument drugs injected here due to excessive vascular network promotes rapid absorption |
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Ceruminous
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cerumen in external ear canal
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Mammary
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breasts, modified apocrine glands, milk
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Free nerve ending
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temperature change
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Root hair plexus
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movement of hair
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Pacinian corpuscle
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Laminated corpuscle deep pressure and vibration
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Meissner corpuscle
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tactile corpuscle light touch and texture
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Albinism
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white, pale skin, pink iris lack of melanin lack of melanin genetic issue
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Cyanosis
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blue skin lack of O2
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Erythema
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red skin more blood in skin, exercise, sunburn, embarrassment
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Hematoma
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bruise trauma
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Jaundice
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yellow skin elevated blood bilirubin, liver dysfunction
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Pallor
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pale, ashen skin decreased blood to skin, shock, low bp, cold, stress
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