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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which cells secrete insulin?
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beta cells in the pancreas
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Insulin is useful in the treatment of type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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both
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sulfonylureas are useful in the treatment type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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type 2 diabetes mellitus only
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Which insulin is taken right before meals because it has a rapid onset of action (15 min), peak effect (about 1 hour) and short duration of action (3-5 hr)? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine
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insulin lispro
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Which insulin is taken to cover basal insulin requirements because it has a long duration of action (24 hours) and is essentially peakless? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine
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insulin glargine
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How is NPH humulin N mainly used? to cover basal insulin requirements or taken before meals
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to cover basal insulin requirements
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how is regular humulin R mainly used? ? to cover basal insulin requirements or taken before meals
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taken just before meals
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Which form of insulin is used in an insulin pump? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine
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insulin lispro
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What are some of the main symptoms of hypoglycemia?
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palpitations, tremor, sweating, confusion, drowsiness
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What effect will glucagon have on blood glucose levels in a diabetic?
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Raise blood glucose
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What is the MOA of action of glipizide in treating a type 2 diabetic?
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Binds to and shuts the ATP-sensitive K channel on beta cells to depolarize the cells, increasing intracellular Ca which causes insulin secretion
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Which drugs ‘mimic’ glucose stimulated insulin release from the beta cells? Acarbose Glyburide Metformin Pioglitazone Repaglinide
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glyburide and repaglinide
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Which drugs can cause hypoglcyemia? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide
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Glyburide and Repaglinide
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Which drugs can cause weight gain? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Exenatide, Sitagliptin, Pramlintide
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Glyburide, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide
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What are the main contributing factors in pioglitazone induced weight gain?
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fluid retention and edema, and increased adipocyte differentiation (small adipocyts to large adipocytes)
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Which of the following drugs should be taken with meals? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide
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Acarbose, Metformin, Repaglinide
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What is the MOA of exenatide?
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GLP-1 analogue that increases glucose stimulated insulin release, decreases glucagon release, increases satiety, and delays gastric empyting
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What is the MOA of metformin in treating a type 2 diabetic
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decreases glucose release from the liver and increases insulin induced glucose uptake (hence decrease insulin resistance (so insulin works better))
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Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause lactic acidosis?
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metformin
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Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause cholestatic jaundice?
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sulfonylureas
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Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause SIADH?
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Sulfonylureas
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What is the MOA of pioglitazone in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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activates PPAR gamma and increases insulin sensitivity (increase glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue and reduce liver gluconeogenesis)
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What is the MOA of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
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inhibits digestion of disaccharides to glucose which will delay or impair glucose absorption
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which of the oral hypoglycemic drugs causes the most GI side effects (bloating, flatulence, diarrhea)?
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Why would you not want to use acarbose perioperatively?
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Because the patient is not eating and you should only take acarbose before you eat.
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Which oral hypoglycemic agent can cause an increase in fracture risk?
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Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
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Which drug has resticted used because of a potential increased risk of MI
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rosiglitazone
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what is the MOA of sitagliptin
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inhibits DPP-IV to increase half life of endogenous GLP-1
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What can cause severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis and Steven-Johnson syndrome? exenatide, sitagliptin or pramlintide
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sitagliptin
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What is the MOA of pramlintide
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works like amylin to increase satiety, reduce gastric emptying and inhibit glucagon release
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Which oral diabetes drug is contraindicated in NYHA Class III and IV heart failure?
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metformin
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Which oral diabetes drug is contraindicated in hypoxic situations?
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metformin
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