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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sensorimotor Stage
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Piaget's first stage, spanning the first two years of life, during which infants and toddlers think with their eyes, ears, hands, and other senses
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Scheme
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Piaget's theory, a specific structure or organized way of making sense of experience that changes with age
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Adaptation
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The process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment
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Assimilation
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That part of adaptation in which the external world is interpreted in terms of current schemes
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Accommodation
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That part of adaptation in which new schemes are created and old ones adjusted to produce a better fit with the environment
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Organization
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The internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system
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Circular Reaction
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A mean of building schemes in which infants try to repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity
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1. Reflexive Schemes
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Newborn reflexes
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2. Primary Circular Reactions
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Simple motor habits centered around the infant's own body, limited anticipation of events
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3. Secondary Circular Reactions
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Actions aimed at repeating interesting effects in the surrounding world, imitation of familiar behaviors
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4. Coordination of Secondary Circular Interactions
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Intentional, or goal directed behavior, ability to fins a hidden object in the first location in which it is hidden, improved anticipation of events, imitation of behaviors is slightly different from those the infant usually preforms
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5. Tertiary Circular Reactions
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Exploration of the properties of objects by acting on them in novel ways, imitation of unfamiliar behaviors, ability to search in several locations for hidden objects.
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6. Mental Representation
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Internal depictions of objects and events, as indicated by sudden solutions to problems, ability to find and object that that been moved while out of sight, deferred imitation and make believe play
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Recognition
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The simplest form of memory, which involves noticing whether a new experience is identical or similar to a previous one.
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Recall
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The type of memory that involves remembering something without perceptual support.
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Perceptual Categorization
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Based on similar overall appearance or prominent objects parts - legs for animals, wheels for vehicles.
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Conceptual Categorization
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Based on common function and behavior.
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Zone of Proximal Development
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In Vygotsky's theory, a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can accomplish with the help of more skilled partners.
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The Behaviorist Perspective of Language
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Skinner. Language is acquired through operational conditioning, learned through imitation and interaction with language speaking people around them.
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The Nativist Perspective
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Chomsky. A young child's amazing language skill is as uniquely human accomplishment etched into the structure of the brain.
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LAD
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Chomsky. An innate system that contains a universal grammar or set of rules common to all languages, that permits children to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion as soon as they have learned enough words.
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The Interactionist Perspective
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Emphasizes interactions between inner capacities and environmental influences, applies information processing perspective and social interaction to explain the learning of language.
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Cooing
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Pleasant vowel-like noises made by infants, beginning around 2 months of age
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Babbling
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Repetition of consonant-vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age.
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Joint Attention
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A state in which child and caregiver attend to same object or event and the caregiver comments about what the child sees.
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