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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What occurs during mitosis? |
Genetic material is duplicated and equally divided between two daughter cells |
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When a recessive trait is expressed, it means that: |
Two genes carrying the trait were present |
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In a pedigree, the "index case" refers to: |
Propsitus (the initial individual whose condition led to investigation of a hereditary disorder or to a serologic evaluation of family members; feminine form is proposita) |
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What nitrogenous bases make up DNA? |
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine |
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Proteins and peptides are composed of: |
Linear arrangements of amino acids |
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What phenotype could not result from the mating of a Jk(a+b+) female and a Jk(a-b+ male)? |
Jk(a-b-) |
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Exon refers to: |
the coding region of a gene |
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PCR technology can be used to: |
amplify small amounts of DNA |
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Transcription can be defined as: |
Synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template |
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When a male possesses a phenotypic trait that he passes to all of his daughters and none of his sons, the trait is said to be: |
X-linked dominant |
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When a female possesses a phenotypic trait that she passes to all of her sons and none of her daughters, the trait is said to be: |
X-linked recessive |
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DNA is replicated __________________ from DNA |
semiconservatively |
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RNA is processed __________ RNA is copied from ______ template. |
after; DNA |
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Translation of proteins from RNA takes place on the _____________________ in the ____________________ of the cell. |
ribosomes; cytoplasm
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Meiosis is necessary to: |
Generate new DNA sequences in daughter cells |
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_________________ is defined as the study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Genetics |
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Genetics is based on the biochemical structure of _________________, which includes nucleic acids and the structural proteins that constitute the genetic material as well as various enzymes that assist in genetic processes such as replication. |
chromatin |
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All living organisms have specific numbers of chromosomes. Humans have _____ pairs of autosomes and ______ set of sex chromosomes - females (_ , _) and males (_ , _), giving a total number of _____ chromosomes in diploid cells. |
22 pairs of autosomes; 1 set of sex chromosomes; females (X,X); males (X,Y); 46 chromosomes in diploid cells |
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______________ law of independent assortment states that factors for different characteristics are inherited independent of each other if they reside on different chromosomes. |
Mendel's
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Human chromosomes are composed of the genetic material chromatin, a complex of the nucleic acid polymer DNA wrapped around highly basic proteins called _____________. The helical structure of DNA allows a lot of information to be packed into a very small amount of space. |
histones |
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Replication of DNA is semiconservative and is accomplished via the enzyme ____________________, which produces a complementary duplicate strand of nucleic acid. Therefore, each strand of DNA can act as a template to be copied to make the opposite strand. |
DNA polymerase |
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DNA has a direction and is always read and written in the ___' to ____' direction unless specified differently for certain applications |
5' to 3' |
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__________________ refers to any structural alteration of DNA in an organism that is caused by a physical or chemical agent; can be beneficial or deleterious; some are lethal and cannot be passed on to another generation; some are silent and have no consequence on the organism in which they occur. |
Mutation |
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_________________ is an enzymatic process whereby genetic information in a DNA strand is copied into an mRNA complementary strand. Eukaryotic mRNA is modified after it is made by various processing steps that take place in the ______________ of the cell before the mRNA is exported to the cytoplasmic ribosomes for translation. |
Transcription; nucleus |
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_____________________ is the complex process by which mRNA, which contains a mobile version of the DNA template encoding the genes for a organism, is turned into proteins, which are the functional units of an organism. |
Translation
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Translation occurs on the ____________________. |
ribosomes |
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Proteins are made of strings of __________________ and are always read in an amino terminal to carboxyl terminal direction. |
amino acids |
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The _________________________ is an in vitro method for enzymatic synthesis and amplification of specific DNA sequences using a pair of primers. |
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |