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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The time frame of the Baroque period is.......
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1600-1750
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Three of the most significant composers of the period were....
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J.S. Bach, George F. Handel, Antionio Vivaldi
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Monody
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A single line of melody accompanied by an instrument playing chords underneath
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Three significant composers of early opera in the Baroque were...
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Montiverdi, Peri, Caccini
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Intermedii
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a genre in which a spoken plays is intersperse with songs and dance numbers
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What is Monody?
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A vocal melody (only one)accompanied by an instrument that would play chords underneath.
the texture of Baroque music |
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What is Continuo?
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Continuo is the accompaniment part within a homophonic texture, in which a keyboard instrument or sometimes a lute plays a supporting bass line. The composer would write out a single melodic line, and then add figures beneath it to indicate which harmonies the performer should add to it in order to fill out the texture.
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What does Baroque music seek?
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Baroque music seeks to evoke strong emotional responses in listeners and to surprise and pique their interest. THis principle was called varietas.
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What was the first opera ever composed?
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Jacopo Peri's Euridice in 1600 with text by Ottavio Rinuccini.
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what is a chorale?
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it is a hymn tune, specifically one associated with german protestantism.
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What is cantata?
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Cantata is a work for vocalists, chorius, and instrumentalists based on a poetic narractive of a lyric or dramtic nature.
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What is Ritornello?
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Ritornello is a term related to the english "return", originally denoted an instrumental passage hear at the begining and end of an aria, now came to mean a passasge that returned again and again in the manner of refrain.
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What is the castrato?
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the artificial male soprano or alto who dominated the operatic scene of the early 18th century.
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What is improvisation?
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Performers embellish what is written down when they are playing.
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what is "Stile Rappresentativo"?
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a representational style consisting of a melody that moved freely over a foundation of simple chords
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what did operas depict?
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operas gave opportunity for picturesque scenes, interesting local color, and dances that might not have been authentic but that delighted audiences through their appeal to the imagination
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Who was one of the renowned women composer?
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French composer Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre
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What are "Terraced dynamics"?
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a passage uniformly loud, that would be followed by one uniformly soft, creating the effects of light and shade
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what happened in the rise of the virtuoso musicians
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it made it possible for composers to write works that demanded a more advanced playing technique
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Specifically, what is baroque music?
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The style of polyphonic music containing elaborate ornamentation and contrasting elements.
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What else was happening in Europe during the Baroque period?
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The Baroque period was an age of scientific progress. It was the age of the scientific discoveries of Galileo and Newton, the mathematical advances of Descartes, Newton and Leibnitz, and the philosophical explorations of Descartes, Spinoza and Locke. There was a new and vibrant intellectual, artistic and social atmosphere which in so many ways signaled the birth of modern Europe. This was also an era of absolute monarchy, where the entire government of a country could be the personal property of an individual.
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What instrument making reached its highest point during the Baroque period?
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violin
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What are the two most universal stylistic elements of Baroque music?
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continuo, also called thorough bass, and ornamentation. Both involve the difference between what the composer wrote down and what the performer played. Both are elements of musical style which derived from Renaissance music and persisted into early Classical music.
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What is one distinct figure of Baroque music in terms of emotions?
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A distinctive feature of Baroque music is that each piece (or single movement within a multi-movement piece) limits itself to only one of the emotions.
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What are the four main dances in a Baroque dance suite? TH
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The Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, and Gigue
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What is the standard form for the dances of the Baroque suite? TH
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AABB form
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What is a Fugue? TH
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A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a theme of strongly marked character pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice and then in another. It is consequently based on the principle of imitation
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What is very important in fugal writing? TH
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The Key
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What is a Basso Buffo? TH
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A Basso Buffo is a singer with a low range who usually takes on comic roles
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What are some other terms for the word 'embellishment'? TH
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ornamentation, agrement
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What is the Italian overture?
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Three movement form
Fast slow fast A.W. |
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What is the French Overture?
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Baroque instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet, or suite, in two sections: a slow opening floolwed by an Allegro, ofent with a brief return to the opening.
A.W. |
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What is a Baroque Suite?
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A collection of dances all inthe same key and usually in binary form. Often preceded by an overture.
A.W. |
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What is Cocerto Grosso?
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Contains the "contrast" element.
Small group of 2-4 people. Three movements: Allegro - Adagio/andante-Allegro. INcluded a unifying refrain called "ritornello". A.W. |
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What is a Sonata?
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Either a movement in several sections or several movements contrasting in tempo and texture.
A.W. |
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Identify the two most universal style elements of Baroque music. wh
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Continuo (thorough bass) and Ornamentation
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Define ornamentation wh
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the embellishment of the musical line with devices such as trills, mordants and grace notes.
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Define Madrigal wh
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a 16th c. Italian or English song for 3-8 voices with subject matter that includes love and/or nature
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Prelude wh
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An introductory piece leading to another such as a fugue
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Tutti is to Ripieno as solo is to wh
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Concertino
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Define Passion wh
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a musical setting of the account of the crucifixion according to 1 of the 4 evangelists Uses forms common to opera and oratorio
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Accompagnato wh
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recitative accompanied by the orchestra part of an opera or oratorio
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Masque wh
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an allegorical enntertainment including spoken verse, song and dance
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Program music wh
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music that draws its inspiration/expresses non musical material
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Ritornello wh
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a musical form with melodic units returning alternating with varied musical material
Used as part of concerto form |
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Fugato wh
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a passage written in fugal style but not a complete fugue
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Tierce de Picardie wh
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raising the 3rd in the fianl tonic chord of a minor key
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Opera wh
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a sung play that includes text, drama, sets and costumes incorporating recitatives, arias, duets, choruses and instrumental sections
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Opera seria wh
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Italian serious opera similar to tragedie en musique in France
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Rondo/rondeau wh
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a form based on a recurring theme principal melody is alterated with other matieral in a pattern ABACA etc.
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exposition AJ
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exposes new material, introduces the subject (or answer) once in every voice.
double exposition: consists of the exposition of a second subject (triple exposition = 3rd subject, etc) |
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codetta AJ
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section that concludes an interior exposition or development; sound as if they are appended after the structural close of a main section; usually last no more than 2-3 bars.
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episodes AJ
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sections that elaborate upon the subject by contrapuntal means (may contain sequence, stretto, canon, pedal point, modulation, augmentation, inversion, diminution, etc.)
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cadenza AJ
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brings the composition to a satisfactory close; halts the contrapuntual flow of the fugue.
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pedal point AJ
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re-establishes the tonality of the composition after it has become clouded by the numerous modulations and digressions along the way within the middle entries of the subject and answer and in the connecting episodes.
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what is "stile concitato"
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agitated style
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French overture is used in where in as symphony
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In 1,2,4 movement in the symphony, slow introduction of the symphony, slow intro for the fast 1st movement
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What is Lutheran Corale
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It contains german cantata (recititive, aria, and duent), french operatic overture, and dynamic strumental syle of the Italians
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How is the Baroque period different "mode-wise" compared to the Renaissance period?
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In the baroque period, it established major-minor tonality
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What is a masque?
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it is for aristocratic entertainment. It contains vocal , instrumental music, poetry and dance.
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What formed tragedie lyrique?
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court Baleet and classical tradegy in Framce. It is a combination of coloful symphony sumptuous dance scenes and spectacular choruses in tales of courtly love and heroic adventure.
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