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186 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Disability |
Health condition that involves functional deficits in performing activities of daily life |
|
Percentage of Americans with a disability |
slightly more than 12% |
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Stroke |
Sudden disturbance in the blood supply to the brain caused by hemorrhage from rupture or blockage of a blood vessel |
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Quadriplegia |
Paralysis from the neck down |
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Paraplegia |
paralysis of the lower half of the body |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
Progressive disease that attacks the central nervous system |
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Cerebral Palsy |
Condition often caused by brain damage that occurs before or during birth or in infancy, resulting in muscular impairment and sometimes speech and learning disabilities. |
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Diabetes Mellitus |
Chronic disease in which the pancreas fails to produces sufficient insulin, which is necessary for metabolizing carbohydrates and fats. |
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Dementia |
Brain disorder involving multiple cognitive deficits, including memory impairment and at least one of the following: aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, or loss of ability to think abstractly and to plan, initiate, sequence, monitor and stop complex behavior. |
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Aphasia |
Impaired communicative ability. |
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Agnosia |
Loss of auditory, sensory, or visual comprehension. |
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Apraxia |
Inability to perform coordinated movements. |
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Alzheimer's Disease |
Progressive and degenerative brain disease progressing from mild memory loss, through significant cognitive impairment, to very serious confusion and the loss of ability to manage activities of daily living, such as dressing, eating, and bathing. |
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Traumatic Brain Injury |
Closed head injury that results from an exterior force and creates a temporary or enduring impairment in brain functioning |
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Mental Retardation |
Condition that involves subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior. (also called intellectual disability) |
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Sexual Consent Capacity |
Ability to make informed and voluntary choices about sexual behavior
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Important factors for Sexual Consent Capacity |
*Can say or demonstrate no, *Knows that having intercourse can result in pregnancy. *When given options, can make an informed choice. *Knows that having sexual relations can result in disease. *Can differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate times and places to engage in intimate relations. *Can differentiate between men and women. *Can recognize individuals or situations that might be a threat to them. *Will stop a behavior if another person tells them "no."
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Mental Disorders |
Mental states characterized by mild to sever disturbances in thinking, mood, and/or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning. |
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Mental Illness |
Collective term for all mental disorders. (40% of people in US) |
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Schizophrenia |
Mental disorder characterized by social withdrawal and disturbances in thought, motor behavior, and interpersonal functioning. |
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Chronic Obtrusive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
Collective term for diseases that affect the flow of air into the body (such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema). Individuals with COPD often experience fatigue due to decreased oxygen intake and the effort involved in breathing. |
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Endometriosis |
Growth of the endometrial tissue outside the uterus (in the fallopian tubes or abdominal cavity) which may cause pain. |
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Hysterectomy |
Surgical removal of the uterus. |
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Surgical Menopause |
sudden decrease in estrogen resulting from removal of the ovaries that can lead to decreased desire, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia. |
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Oophorectomy |
Surgical removal of the ovaries. |
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Breast Conserving Therapy (BCT) |
removal of the cancerous lump rather than the whole breast (also called lumpectomy). |
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Mastectomy |
Surgical removal of one breast |
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Double Mastectomy |
removal of both breasts. |
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Radical Prostatectomy |
surgical removal of the prostate. |
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Orchiectomy |
Surgical removal of the testicles. |
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Penectomy |
surgical removal of part or all of the penis. |
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Stoma |
Protruding portion of the large or small intestine (bowel) or urinary system that is rerouted and brought to the skin surface of the abdomen during ostomy surgery. (Also called ostomy) |
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Ostomy Surgery |
Surgery whereby a portion of the large or small intestine or urinary system is rerouted and brought to the skin surface of the abdomen where the contents are collected in a bag. Cancers of the colon, rectum, bladder, cervix, or ovaries are typical causes of ostomy surgery. |
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Substance Dependence/Abuse |
overuse or over dependence on drugs or chemicals that results in a failure to fulfill role obligations at work, school, or home. Effects include danger, recurrent substance related legal problems, and continued substance use despite its negative effects on social or interpersonal relationships. |
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Ecstasy |
Drug which has both stimulant and psychedelic effects that can result in increased energy; enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence; and feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and closeness with others. Use of the drug is also associated with dangerous risks such as heart failure. |
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Devotee |
person who is sexually aroused and/or interested in people with disabilities. |
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Cognitive restructuring |
Therapeutic technique that involves changing the way an individual thinks about something. |
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Sexual Dysfunction |
impairment or difficulty that affects sexual functioning or produces sexual pain. |
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Medicalization of Sexual Dysfunction |
emphasis that sexual dysfunctions have a medical or biological basis rather than an emotional or relationship cause. |
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Sexual Disorder |
Diagnosis that a disturbance in sexual desire or the psychophysiological components of one's sexual response cycle cause significant distress and interpersonal difficulty. |
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Lifelong Dysfunction (Primary Dysfunction) |
Sexual dysfunction that a person has always experienced; for example, a person may have always lacked a seal desire. |
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Acquired Dysfunction (Secondary Dysfunction) |
sexual dysfunction that a person is currently experiencing but has not always experienced. |
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Situational Dysfunction |
sexual dysfunction that occurs with one partner or in one situation only. |
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Generalized Dysfunction |
sexual dysfunction that occurs with all partners, contexts, and settings. |
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Performance Anxiety |
Excessive concern over adequate sexual performance, which may cause sexual dysfunction. |
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Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
the persistent or recurrent deficiency (or absence) of sexual fantasies/thoughts and/or desire for, or receptivity to, sexual activity which causes personal distress |
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Lesbian Death Bed |
sustained drop-off in sexual frequency of lesbian couples in long-term relationships |
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Sensate Focus |
treatment used in sex therapy developed by Masters and Johnson whereby the partners focus on pleasuring each other in nongenital ways. |
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Treatment for lack of interest in sex |
*improving relationship satisfaction *creating the conditions for satisfying sex *Practicing Sensate Focus *Viewing/reading erotic materials and invoking fantasy *Replacing Hormones *Changing Medication or dosage if possible when medication interferes *Masturbating *taking supplements *resting and relaxing *learning about alternative models of sexual response |
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Sexual Aversion Disorder |
Persistent or recurrent phobic aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact with a sexual partner. |
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Hyperactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
very high sexual interest, which influences persons to behave as though they are driven to sexual expression and the pursuit of sex, which may have negative effects on the health, relationships, or career of the individual |
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Female Sexual Arousal disorder |
the persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain sufficient sexual excitement or lack of genital (lubrication/swelling) or other somatic responses |
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Male erectile disorder |
persisten or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of sexual activity, an adequate erection |
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Spectatoring |
self-monitoring one's own sexual responses to the point that a sexual dysfunction may occur. |
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Female Orgasmic Disorder |
a persisten or recurrent difficulty, delay in or absence of experiencing orgasm following sufficient stimulation and arousal. |
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Preorgasmia |
condition which implies that the woman will be able to achieve orgasm, given sufficient context, stimulation or training |
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Inhibited male orgasm (also retarded ejaculation or male orgasmic disorder) |
persisten or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase |
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Rapid Ejaculation (also premature ejaculation) |
The persistent or recurrent onset of orgasm and ejaculation - with minimal sexual stimulation - before, on or shortly after penetration |
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Dyspareunia |
the recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with intercourse or attempts at intercours |
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Vulvodynia |
burning, stinging, irritation, or knife-like pain of the vulva for more than 3 months without obvious visible lesions |
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Peyronie's Disease |
Disease that causes a painful curving or bending in the penis during erection |
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Urethritis |
inflammation of the urethra |
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Vaginismus |
recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration |
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Masters and Johnson approach to resolving sexual dysfunction |
*both partners in a marital or coupled unit are expected to participate in sex therapy *male and female sex therapist; in this way each patient has same sex role model *devoted to sex education and information *performance anxiety, fear of failure and excessive need to please are addressed *communication is regarded as critical and is focused upon *specific goal is behavior change through progressive tasks and behavioral prescriptions |
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PLISSIT model |
method of sex therapy that involves four treatment levels: permission, limited information, specific suggestions, and intensive therapy
|
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Cognitive Sex Therapy |
treatment method emphasizing that negative thoughts and attitudes about sex interfere with sexual interest, pleasure and performance |
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Surrogate Sex Partner Therapy |
treatment method that involves a person with sexual difficulties becoming sexually involved with a trained individual other than the primary therapist for therapeutic purposes
|
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LoPiccolo's Approach |
1. Systems Theory (carefully examine effect of dysfunction on relationship. does the sexual dysfunction serve a purpose?) 2. Integrated (physiological and Psychological Planning 3. Sexual Behavior Patterns |
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Weeks Integration Approach |
Must work in all three domains of intimacy, passion, and commitment
Intersystem Approach *individual-biological/medical components (hormonal and medical problems, medication effects) *individual-psychological components (attitudes, temperament, personality, intelligence) *Dyadic or couple relationship (communication style, conflict resolution, attitude toward intimacy) *family of origin (messages about relationships and sexuality) *society/culture/history/religion (contextual influences shaping sexual belief)
Theory of Interaction that draws on intrapsychic components and Interactional Components
Focus on both behavior and cognitive treatment |
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) |
diseases caused by any of more than 25 infectious organisms that are transmitted primarily through sexual activity |
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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) |
infection transmitted primarily through sexual activity. A recent term sometimes used to avoid the negative connotations sometimes associated with STD. |
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Asymptomatic |
producing no symptoms or signs, or as in some STDs, yielding symptoms so mild that medical care is not sought (85% of women and 50% of men with chlamydia have no symptoms) |
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Incidence of STDs is a result of 3 factors |
1. exposure 2. transmission 3.duration |
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Cervical Ectopy |
outgrowth of membranous tissue from the cervix toward the vagina |
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Down Low |
behavior of keeping one's activity private; term used to describe men who have sex with men but do not label themselves gay or bisexual |
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Pelvic Infammatory Disease (PID) |
Inflammation of the pelvic organs often requiring hospitalization and surgery. PID is associated with complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic abdominal pain. |
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Money spent per year on STDs in US |
15.5 billion dollars |
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Fourth Largest global cause of death |
AIDs |
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Percent of sexually active young people that will contract an STD by 25 |
50% |
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Coping Strategies of STDs |
Positive Avoidance Seeking Social Support
(pg 468) |
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Most Common STDs in US (in order) |
HPV Trichomoniasis Chlamydia Herpes Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Syphillis |
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Pubic Lice (crabs) |
parasitic insects found in coarse body hair of humans causing itching |
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Scabies |
infestation of the skin by microscopic mites, causing intense itching |
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Chlamydia |
Common sexually transmitted infection caused by the microorganism chlamydia trachomatis *known as the silent disease |
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Gonnorhea |
bacterial infection that is sexually transmitted (also known as the clap, the drip, the whites, and morning drop) |
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syphillis |
sexually transmitted (or congenital) infection caused by a spirochete; if untreated, it can progress to a systemic infection through three stages and can be fatal |
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Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) |
infection of the urethra - the tube that carries urine from the bladder |
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Vaginitis |
Infection of the vagina (usually not from sexual contact) |
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Candidiasis |
vaginal yeast infection that tends to occur in women during pregnancy, when they are on oral contraceptives, or when they have poor resistance to infection |
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Herpes type 2 (genital) |
viral infection that may cause blistering, typically of the genitals' it may also infect the lips, mouth, and eyes |
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Herpes type 1 (oral) |
sores of the lip and mouth, often caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 but can also be caused by type 2 |
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
sexually transmitted viral infection that may produce genital warts |
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Hepatitis B |
inflammatory disease of the liver caused by a virus |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
virus that attacks the immune system and may lead to aids (known as spectrum illness) |
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AIDS |
last stage of HIV infection in which the immune system of a person's body is so weakened that it becomes vulnerable to a variety of opportunistic diseases |
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Transmission of HIV |
sexual contact intravenous drug use blood transfusion mother-child transmission of HIV organ or tissue transplants and donor semen occupational transmission |
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) |
combination of drugs an HIV-infected person takes to treat the virus (cocktail therapy) |
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Long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) |
individual who has been affirmed as HIV-seropositive but has nevertheless retained a healthy immune system |
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Lazarus Syndrome |
psychological challenge experienced by individuals who had expected to die from AIDs but now have a new opportunity for survival due to recent treatment developments |
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prevention fatigue |
gradual loss of will to maintain a preventative behavior |
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disinhibition |
loss of inhibition due to perception that reduced risk makes risk taking more acceptable or attractive |
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ABC approach to AIDs prevention |
A - abstain B - be faithful/reduce partners C - use condoms |
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Percent of people who engaged in oral sex without a condom |
86% |
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Factors of using a condom |
*perceived susceptibility *perceived seriousness of STD *belief that using condom will reduce risk of STDs *belief that the benefits of using a condom outweigh any costs *sense of self-efficacy regarding comdom use *a person's intention to use condoms *perception of the degree to which social norms expect condom use |
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Cybersex |
engaging in self stimulation while online to include looking at pictures, engaging in sexual chat, exchanging explicit sexual emails, and sharing mutual sexual fantasies while masturbating |
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televideo cybersex |
form of cybersex in which individuals use webcams to share sexual images of themselves |
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triple-a engine |
access, affordability, and anonymity
characteristics that lend themselves to compulsive unconventional use of the internet, which has negative consequences for individuals and their partners who may feel betrayed or replaced |
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Number of people who visit one or more of the 260 million adult webpages annually |
32 million |
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OSA |
online sexual activity |
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Typical OSA viewer |
married male professional in his early 30s who was online and average of 2.38 hours per week |
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Primary reason for engaging in OSA |
distraction
Others (education, socializing, exploring sexual fantasies, meeting sexual partners) |
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Advantages of OSA |
educational, social, emotional, cognitive and sexual health
anonymous std testing, mate finder, sex partner, maintenance of long distance relationship, sexual fantasies/cybersex with people of similar interests, connect disenfranchised or marginalized groups, new identity without fear of consequences |
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Disadvantages of OSA |
spread of STD/HIV, cybersex crime, unwanted sex solicitation, deception, internet addiction, pedophiles on the internet, |
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phone sex |
telephone conversation between a caller and a sex worker who verbally arouses, stimulates, and moves the caller toward orgasm in exchange for money |
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Table dance |
type of dance in which the woman dances or disrobes on the customer's table or in front of the seated customer |
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lap dance |
type of dance ale known as friction dance or straddle dance that involves varying amounts of physical contact and can result in sexual release on the part of the customer |
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erotic massage parlors |
places that provide sexual survives (manual manipulation, oral sex, and sometimes sexual intercourse) in exchange for money |
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therapeutic massage |
nonerotic massage by a person who has received academic training at one of the more than 400 accredited programs, completed a supervised internship, and has a therapeutic massage license p |
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pornography |
sexually explicit pictures, writing, or other images, usually pairing sex with power and violence
(means stories of prostitutes) |
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erotica |
sexually explicit material that is neither a degrading or violent portrayal of consensual sexual activity |
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degrading pornography |
sexually explicit material that degrades, debases, and dehumanizes people - typically women |
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violent pornography |
sexually explicit visual images of sexual violence usually directed by men against women |
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obscenity |
label for sexual material that meets 3 criteria:
*dominant theme must appeal to a prurient interest in sex *material must be patently offensive to the community *sexual material must have no redeeming social value |
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number of hardcore pornographic videos rented annualy |
700 million |
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percent of undergrads who accessed sexually explicit material |
43.5 |
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Child Pornography |
image that depicts a clearly prepubescent human being in a sexually explicit manner (also known as kiddie and chicken porn) |
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Sentence for possession of child porn |
5 years in prison |
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Prostitution |
act of providing sexual behavior through the use of one's body in exchange for money, drugs, or other goods |
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sex work |
way in which one earns a living by providing sexual services (acting in a pornographic video, being a stripper, being a phone sex worker) |
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Brothel |
place, typically a house or rented space, where prostitutes service their customers |
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madam |
woman who runs a house of prostitution |
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mama san |
asian woman who runs a house of prostitutes |
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call girl |
sex worker who is called on the phone and asked to come to the customer's room to provide sexual service |
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escort |
another term for a call girl which implies a wider range of behavior such as being a social companion for an evening that typically ends in sexual intimacy |
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cortesan |
woman in renaissance europe who provided social and sexual companionship for money or support by upper middle or upper class men |
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% of homeless prostitutes |
more than 40% |
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primary background characteristics of prostitutes |
first sexual experience at 13 or younger, did not feel emotionally close to birth or foster parents, sought emotional satisfaction through involvement with older men, need for money, peer pressure |
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Traficking |
related to prostitution, using force and deception to transfer persons into situations of extreme exploitation |
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Sex Tourist |
person who takes an organized tour, in which the tour operator arranges access to prostitutes along with flights, hotels, airport transfers, etc |
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Sexual coercion |
use of force (actual or threatened) to engage a person in sexual acts against that person's will |
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forcible rape |
sexual force involving three elements: *vaginal, oral or anal penetration *the use of force or threat of force *nonconsent of the victim
|
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Marital rape |
forcible rape by one's spouse; marital rape is now illegal in all states |
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reckless sexual conduct |
suggest crime whereby an individual would be guilty if, in a first-time sexual encounter with another person, the person had sexual intercourse without using a condom |
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forced sex (used interchangeably with rape) |
acts of sex or attempted sex in which one party is non consenting, regardless of the age and sex of the offender and victim - whether or not the act meets the criteria for what legally constitutes rape |
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number of victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault in the US each year |
200,000 |
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Incidents of sexual coercion that are not reported |
60% |
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Rape Myths (rape supportive beliefs) |
generally false but widely held attitudes and beliefs that serve to justify male sexual aggression against men |
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acquaintance rape (date rape) |
nonconsensual sex between people who are dating or on a tate |
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rohypnol |
drug used in date rape scenarios in which causes profound and prolonged sedation, a feeling of well-being, and short term memory loss |
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GHB |
gamma hydroxybutrate - a date rape drug that may be fatal; acts faster than rohypnol to induce confusion, intense sleepiness, unconsciousness, and memory loss |
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Predatory rape (classic rape) |
rape by a stranger in which may involve a weapon |
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Secondary Victimization |
experience in which a person has been raped and seeks help, but despite being the victim is blamed for the rape by those whom she or he seeks help |
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honor killing |
killing of a woman in the arab world who is raped or who has had intercourse before marriage, which brings great shame to her parents/family. she may be killed to absolve the family of shame |
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rape trauma syndrome |
acute and long-term reorganization process that occurs as a result of forcible rape or attempted rape |
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PTSD |
mental health diagnostic category that follows traumatic events and invokes terror, helplessness, and fear of loss of life experienced by many rape victims (94%) |
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Preventative AAA model |
Women: Assess Acknowledge Act
Men: Ask Acknowledge Act |
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Intrafamilial child sexual abuse |
exploitative sexual contact or attempted or forced sex that occurs between related individuals when the victim is under the age of 18 |
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extra familial child sexual abuse |
attempted or completed forced sex, before a child reaches the age of 14 by a person who is unrelated to the child by blood or marriage |
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accommodation syndrome |
accommodating behavior of some sexually abused children who are threatened into secrecy, live in fear, and if they disclose are not believed |
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Megan's Law |
federal law that requires that convicted sex offenders register with local police when they move into a community |
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Jessica Lunsford Act |
florida law that establishes a mandatory sentence of 25 years in prison for a person convicted of a sex crime against a child. On release, the person must wear a GPS |
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sexual harassment |
unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonable interferes with an individuals work performance or creates an intimidating hostile or offensive work environment |
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hostile environment sexual harassment |
environment whereby deliberate or repeated unwanted sexual comments or behaviors affect one's performance at school |
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quid pro quo sexual harassment |
type of sexual harassment whereby the individual is provided benefits (promotions, salary, raises) in exchange for sexual favors |
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Criteria used to define normal sexual behavior |
prevalence moral correctness naturalness adaptiveness/comfort |
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paraphalia |
coined in 1924
overdependence on a culturally unacceptable or unusual stimulus for sexual arousal and satisfaction |
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lovemap |
mental representation or template of one's idealized lover that develops early in the individual's life |
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Common aspects of paraphillias |
*nonhuman objects *the suffering or humiliation of one's self or one's partner *children or other non consenting persons |
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most frequent paraphilic behavior |
exhibitionism
Then: frotteurism, nonincestual pedophilia, yoyeurism
Least reported: sexual sadism |
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Exhibitionism |
exposing one's genitals to a stranger or having a recurrent urge to do so |
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frotteurism |
touching or rubbing non consenting person in a sexul manner (particularly with own genitals) or having a recurrent urge to do so |
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pedophilia |
engaging in sexual behavior with a child or having a recurrent urge to do so
|
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voyeurism (also scopophilia) |
watching a person who is either nude, undressing, or engaging in sexual behavior and is unaware that someone is watching or having a recurrent urge to do so |
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fetishism |
becoming sexually aroused by actual or fantasized objects (such as leather, lingerie, or shoes)
Progression: preference > necessity > substitution |
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transvestic fetishims |
becoming sexually aroused by dressing in the clothes of the other sex |
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sexual sadism |
becoming sexually aroused by actual or fantasized infliction of pain, humiliation, or other physical constrain on another |
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sexual masochism |
becoming sexually aroused by the actual or fantasized inflicted pain, humiliation, or physical constraint by another
*beaten, humiliated, bound, cut, bitten, spanked, choked, pricked, or shocked) |
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toucheurism |
paraphilia that involves actively using one's hands on the victim. although the person may be distressed over the overwhelming urge to touch or rub against another, he may also act on those fantasies. |
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BDSM |
bondage, discipline, submission, masochism |
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other paraphilias on pg 511 |
other paraphilias on pg 511c |
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courtship disorder |
distortion of the standard sequence of interpersonal events in courtship that lead to the development of an intimate relationship; used as a theory to explain rape, the rapist short circuits the courtship stages and progressive immediately to intercourse |
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aversion conditioning |
type of behavior therapy that involves pairing an aversive or unpleasant stimulus with a previously reinforcing stimulus; used in sex offender treatment to decrease deviant sexual arousal and reduce the probability of engaging in paraphilic behavior c |
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covert sensitization |
therapeutic technique that involves instructing the client to use negative thoughts as a way of developing negative feelings associated with a deviant sexual stimulus |
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sexual addiction |
sometimes described as an intimacy disorder manifested by a compulsive cycle of preoccupation and ritualization of sexual behavior and despair |
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nymphomania |
excessive sexual desire or behavior in women |
|
satyriasis |
excessive sexual behavior in men |