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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Was Piaget a stage theorist?
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Yes
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Are you more likely to prove Piaget or Freud's theories?
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Piaget
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Does Piaget believe that infants must be able to interact with the external world in order to develop cognitively?
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Yes
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What is Piaget's first stage of development?
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sensorimotor
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In what Piaget stage does the child achieve object permanence?
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sensorimotor
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In what Piaget stage does the child develop symbolic thought?
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pre-operational
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In the pre-operational stage, is the child still egocentric?
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Yes
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What are the final two stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
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concrete operational (7-11)
formal operational (11 and above--> not all ppl reach this stage) |
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Assimilation and Accomodation are how learning occurs according to ____
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Piaget
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Which theorist did the experiment with the Bobo doll?
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Bandura, demonstrated social modeling
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How is operant conditioning (skinner) different from unconditioned response?
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In operant conditioning you must choose to do an action, whereas in unconditioned response you don't have to
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Does behavorial development contribute to making it hard to quit smoking?
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Yes
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What is the biggest indicator of non-compliance?
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Depression, can be thought of as learned helplessness
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Kohlberg defines stages by morality. True or False?
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True
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According to Kohlberg men make it to what stage of the morality scale and women?
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men = stage 4
women = stage 3 |
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Kohlber's theory emphasizes _____ over other values
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justice, this was a criticism of his theory by Gilligan
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Is it true for Gilligan that changes in the sense of self rather than changes in cognitive ability drive the transitions between moral stages?
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Yes
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According to Gilligan, a woman giving up her career to raise her kids is part of what moral stage?
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Convention, where self-sacrifice is good
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What theorist posited that human language development was Nativist, that we naturally had a center for language in the brain?
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Chomsky
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Is there a sensitive/critical period for language development according to Chomsky even though he believed more in nature versus nuture?
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Yes, his period is need to activated the language acquisition center in the brain
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Is the corpus callosum bigger in men or women?
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women
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Does Piaget believe that language is a distinct part of cognition or does language development occur along with the child's general cognitive development?
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Language occurs along with child's general cognitive development
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Birth to 1 year is defined as the Pre-verbal period. True or False
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True
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Should you be concerned that there is no babbling or pointing/gestures in a child by 12 months?
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Yes
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By age 4 should 100% of speech be understandable from the child?
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Yes
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By what age should child say first word, achieve object permanence?
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12 months (1 year)
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Are nouns or verbs more common in stage 1 of speech development?
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nouns
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In what stage does use of syntax (word order) begin to occur for language development?
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stage 2
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In what stage of language development will there be more use of modifiers such as I want BLUE coat, rather than just I want coat?
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stage 3 (2-3 yrs)
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At what age should the child be able to tell you a story?
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6-7 years old
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What type of transmission happens between parent and child?
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Vertical transmission which could be biological transmission or cultural transmission
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The learning of cultural issues from peers is what type of cultural transmission?
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horizontal
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Teacher, adult, give you a sense of culture that isn’t typically a part of your view of life, but unlike your parents, they are only part of a subset of your culture. What type of cultural transmisson can this be?
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oblique cultural transmission
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Is enculturation part of your culture or another culture?
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your culture, takes less learning, kinda comes with the territory
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Teaching people what is appropriate in a cultural setting is _____
Gender is a good ex. |
socialization
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This process involves cultural and behavioral changes brought out through contact with those belonging to other cultures who many exhibit different behaviors
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acculturation
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Does enculturation or acculturation occur first usually?
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enculturation
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What percentage of Americans speak a language other than English in the home?
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13%
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Are factors proximal or distal to clinical processes more likely to create better treatment efficacy?
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proximal
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According to Freud, which of the following structures of the mind are completely developed in a normal 1 year old child?
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Id only
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Do Muslims or Jewish people usually eat pork?
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No
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Infants cannot vocalize until ___ weeks
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8
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Stranger anxiety develops around what month?
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8 months
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A hearing test should be given to a child if they are not saying 2 word phrases by age ___
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2
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Does Piaget believe that the 4 stages of child development is genetic or an active construction driven process?
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active construction driven process
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________--> tug of war between assimilation (taking information in) and accomodation (you have to change to fit into new challenge)
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assimilation
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________--> changing your internal way of thinking about things in order to adapt and learn
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accommodation
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____ occurs as a result of assimilation and accommodation
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adaptation
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During what years is a child in concrete operations?
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7-11 years
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Animism--> ascribing life to inanimate objects occurs in what stage of Piaget's developmental theory?
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pre-operational
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Trust vs. Mistrust is what stage according to Erikson?
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Infancy
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Kids should develop gender identity by 2.5 to 3 years. True of False?
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True
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What type of morality has grade school kids developed according to Kohlberg?
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conventional morality
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Symbolic thought begins to develop at what age?
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18 months
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For adolescents are peers or parents the fundamental influence in their lives?
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more likely peers
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Identity vs. Role Confusion happens in what phase of life according to Erikson?
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adolescence
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Inattention and hyperactivity can lead to a diagnosis of what?
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ADHD/ADD
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Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death for adolescents
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3rd
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torturing animals is common manifestation of _____ disorder
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conduct
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Between 25-50% of antisocial children become antisocial adults. True or False?
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True
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What is the mean onset age of anorexia?
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17 years
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Among African American men aged 25-44, what is the leading cause of death?
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HIV/AIDS
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What is the biggest challenge of young adulthood from ages 19-40 years old according to Erikson
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commitment, development of intimacy
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Confidence in ability to perform an action is known as ____
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self-efficacy
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You are defined to be in menopause after absence of menstration for __ year
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one
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Ego Integrity vs. Despair characterizes what stages for Erikson?
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65 years till death
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The testing stage happens between what two stages according to Kubler-Ross
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Depression and acceptance
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Development of Mullerian duct leads to the development of what sex?
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female
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Is Gender Identity or Gender Role influenced by differential exposure to pre-natal sex hormones and genetic influences?
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Gender Identity
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So stimulants such as amphetamines and cocain increase sexual interest and performance?
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yes, by stimulating dopaminergic systems
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Do seratonin increase or decrease sexual interest?
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decrease, therefore SSRIs can decrease sexual interest
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Is it true that with treatment with SSRIs, there could be increased incidence of orgasmic disorder?
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Yes
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Is cigarette smoking or alcohol intake more likely to affect sexual function?
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alcohol intake
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Someone who acts peculiar or avoids social relationships but is not psychotic suffers from what cluster of personality disorder?
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Cluster A
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Can antisocial personality disorder be diagnosed before 18 years of age?
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No, prior to age 18, the diagnosis is conduct disorder
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What is the expression of gender in the social context?
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Gender role
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What disorder is consistent with persistent identity with other gender?
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gender identity disorder
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A person is said to suffer from a ____ when they have repetitive, often distressing sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors
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paraphilia
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What is the most commom paraphilia?
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pedophilia
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The squeeze technique can be used in treatment of what sexual dysfunction?
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premature ejaculation
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Dyspareunia is more commonly seen in men or women?
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women
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Which racial group is most likely to due from breast cancer?
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African American
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Which racial group is most likely to suffer from diabetes?
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American Indian/Alaska Native
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Since 2004, what among black women ages 25-34 is the leading cause of death?
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HIV
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Which racial group is most affected by new syphilis infections?
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African-American
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Which racial group is most likely to be infected with Hepatitis?
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Asian Americans
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Which racial group accounts for the most reported cases of TB?
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Asian Americans
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Is the suicide rate higher or lower in African Americans compared to whites?
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lower
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Diabetes is highest in what subgroup of Asians?
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Hawaiians
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Do Asians suffer from a higher level of acculturative stress?
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Yes
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Among what racial group is there higher levels of cervical cancer and smoking?
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Hispanics
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Is there more or less smoking with acculturation among Latinos?
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more
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Which group suffers the most from acute alcholism?
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Native Americans
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How much higher are suicide rates for Native American teens compared to whites?
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4X
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Are African American women more or less likely to be prescribed HAART?
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less likely
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1 in ___ Americans have a diagnosable mental disorder each year
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2
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About what percentage of children get help from suffering from a mental disorder?
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1/3
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What is the #1 disabling health condition worldwide?
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depression
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Are African Americans more or less likely to receive the diagnosis of schizophrenia than Caucasians/white?
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more
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Are non-whites and women more or less likely to be medicated for mental disorders?
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more
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Are men or women more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
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men
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Is Autism more severe in boys or girls usually?
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girls
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How is Asperger's different from Austism?
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No significant language delay
Later age on of onset |
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Below what level does a person suffer from mild mental retardation?
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70
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Do you need a specially trained person to interpret a projective personality test?
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Yes
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The Vineland Social Maturity Scale is the most appropriate test for evaluating the self-care skills of mentally retarded individuals. True or False?
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True
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Systematic desensitization is usually used in the treatment of ____
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phobias
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When a 35 year old smoker is given an electric shock each time he is shown a videotape of a group of people smoking he is being treated with ___ conditioning
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aversive
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Are triangles good or bad in the family?
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bad, these are dysfunctional alliances between two family members against a third family member
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Is family therapy most effective for treating anorexia nervosa?
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Yes
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Biofeedback is a form of ___ conditioning
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operant
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Is it true that white men 65 years and older are more likely to committ suicide than any other group?
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yes
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An infant should be able to say mama, dada or other names by ___ months
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18
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People with what mental disorder are most likely to use illegal substances?
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bipolar disorder
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Nearly every recreational drug has an effect on the _____ pathway
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dopamine
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Nicotine affects what neurotransmitter?
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acetylcholine
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Alcohol activates the release of what neurotransmitter?
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GABA, alcohol is a depressant
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Delirium Tremens is caused by a ____ deficit
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dopamine
caused by the intake of alcohol similar to symptoms of Parkinsons |
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Over time does alcohol abuse cause an upregulation or downregulation of GABA receptors? How does this contribute to the symptoms of withdrawal?
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alcohol causes a downregulation of GABA receptors. once you take away alcohol the sedative/inhibitory effects of alcohol are lost and therefore the brain becomes overly excited due to lack of inhibitory GABA receptors, this causes withdrawal seizures
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Which NT contributes to the high of intoxication?
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seratonin
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How does cocaine affect the dopamine pathway?
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cocaine inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, hence causing an accumulation of dopamine at synaptic terminales
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What is the most commonly used illegal drug?
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marijuana
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Does caffeine dilate or constrict your blood vessels?
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dilate, that's why caffeine can sometimes relieve headaches, and withdrawal can cause headaches
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Are white women more or less likely to report domestic violence abuse compared to african american women?
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less likely
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Are divorced or separated people more or less likely to experience intimate partner victimization compared to never married people?
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more
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Isolation is a big social consequence of persistent abuse seen in ____
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children
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What is the difference between fighting and abuse?
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In fighting the two people have equal power
With abuse, one of the people have more power than the other, either physical or financial power |
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Is dopamine associated with increased or decreased agression? What about GABA and seratonin?
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increased
decreased |
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What is Kleptomania?
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impulse to take things without paying for them despite the fact that they are affordable
associated with bulimina nervosa patients, have a hard time controlling urges |
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What drugs may be useful in treating impulsive and aggressive behavior?
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SSRIs, because aggressive and impulsive behaviors are associated with decreased serotonergic function
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Are injuries in the buttocks or back a sign that the child may be a victim of abuse?
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Yes, because these injuries are less likely to be obtained during play
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Is direct reporting by the physician of domestic partner abuse appropriate if the victim is a competent adult?
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No, physician should document abuse, but cannot make decision for the abused
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Sedatives usually work by increasing the activity of what NT?
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GABA
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Stimulants work by increasing the availability of ___ in the synapse
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dopamine
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Intense hunger is seen in withdrawal from ____
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amphetamines
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Elevated levels of cotinine suggests the person is an abuser of what?
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smoking
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Symbolic thought develops during what stage according to Piaget?
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pre-operational
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Is thinking still egocentric in the pre-operational years?
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Yes
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Social smiling should be seen at what month?
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2 months
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At 18 months should the child be displaying single or multiword phrases?
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multiword phrases begin to develop
trouble is seen if single word statements do not develop |
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At about what age does Mahler's stage of rapproachment occur?
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18 months
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Cooperative play begins at about what age?
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4
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At what age does a child begin to understand the finality of death?
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6
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What percentage of children are termed difficult children?
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10%
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Do children in the pre-operational stage benefit from role playing medical procedures?
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Yes
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