Human Biology Study Questions

Front 1

Eating a heavy metal, coming down with strep throat, beginning a new college semester are all...

Back 1

Stressors

Front 2

Innate immunity includes

Back 2

Skin and Mucous membranes, Phagocytes and the Complement system.

Front 3

Anti-bodies and Immune cells

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Are Specific immunity

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Alarm Phase

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Phase of General Adaptation Syndrome the dumps large amounts of Epinephrine into the system>

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Melanocytes

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Produce dark pigments to absorb light

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T/F Oil glands are located everywhere on the skin including face and lips

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False

Front 7

The complement system

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Is the chemical defense that destroys bacteria

Front 8

Humoral immunity employs...

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T cells, B cells, and antibodies

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Special immunity requires cells to demonstrate...

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Specificity, memory, and self recognition

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The helper T cell

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Binds and clones, then amplifies the signal from antigens, then stimulates the B cell to produce Antibodies.

Front 11

Pandemic

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Worldwide

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Epidemic

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Localized

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Epidemiologist use cohort studies to

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estimate the likelihood of infection among a group of individuals.

Front 14

W.H.O.

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World Health Organization

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The only viral disease successfully eradicated

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Small pox

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Type of bacteria found in long chains of spherical organisms

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Streptococcus

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MRSA is particularly challenging to the medical professions because

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1) Derived from bacterium normally developed on our skin
2) Shows resistance to many know antibiotics
3) Found in Hospitals and ER's

Front 18

Viruses are not controlled by

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Antibiotics

Front 19

The Flu vaccine is constantly reviewed and reformulated because

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W.H.O has no idea which flu strain will cause the next epidemic

Front 20

HIV attaches to

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The Helper T cell

Front 21

Characteristics of cancer cells

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1) Unlimited replication potential
2) No differentiation
3) Deleted, duplicated, or otherwise mutated DNA

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Malignant tumors are

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Cancerous

Front 23

Benign Tumors are

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Non cancerous

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Proto-oncogenes

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Cancer causing genes that undergo mutations referred to as Gain of function mutations

Front 25

Cancer causes

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Heredity, environment, and diet

Front 26

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are both

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1) Involved in breast cancer
2) Tumor suppressor genes
3) Carried in every cell of the body

Front 27

Most prevalent environmental cancer causing agents.

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Radiation And Chemicals.

Front 28

Lymphoma, cervical cancers and Kaposi's sarcoma are caused by

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Viruses

Front 29

Vitamin C aids in cancer prevention by

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Removing Free radicals

Front 30

Leukemia is cancer of

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Connective tissue

Front 31

MRI's are most effective in finding tumors with in the

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Connective and muscular tissues

Front 32

Immunotherapy Compounds

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1) Interleukin 2
2) Interferon
3) Tumor necrosis factor

Front 33

Function of the upper respiratory system

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Warm incoming air

Front 34

Order:
The structures of the lower respiratory tract

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Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Respiratory Brochioles

Front 35

Side effects of respiratory tubes getting smaller and smaller.

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1) Cartilage support lessens

Front 36

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are both

Back 36

1) Involved in breast cancer
2) Tumor suppressor genes
3) Carried in every cell of the body

Front 37

Most prevalent environmental cancer causing agents.

Back 37

Radiation And Chemicals.

Front 38

Lymphoma, cervical cancers and Kaposi's sarcoma are caused by

Back 38

Viruses

Front 39

Vitamin C aids in cancer prevention by

Back 39

Removing Free radicals

Front 40

Leukemia is cancer of

Back 40

Connective tissue

Front 41

MRI's are most effective in finding tumors with in the

Back 41

Connective and muscular tissues

Front 42

Immunotherapy Compounds

Back 42

1) Interleukin 2
2) Interferon
3) Tumor necrosis factor

Front 43

Function of the upper respiratory system

Back 43

Warm incoming air

Front 44

Order:
The structures of the lower respiratory tract

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Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Respiratory Brochioles

Front 45

Side effects of respiratory tubes getting smaller and smaller.

Back 45

1) Cartilage support lessens
2) The portion of smooth muscle increases
3) The surface area of the respiratory system increases

Front 46

During inspiration the diaphragm ________, __________ the volume of the thoracic cavity.

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Relaxes, Increasing

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Internal Respiration

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The movement of oxygen from the blood into the tissue

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Carbon Dioxide moves from the tissues of the body into the blood because

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The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is lower in the blood

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Hemoglobin binds oxygen more tightly when oxygen concentrations are ______and PH is _______.

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High, High

Front 50

Oxygen is carried on the

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Iron portion of the hemoglobin molecule.

Front 51

Bronchitis is a

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constrictive disease

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Tuberculosis is caused by

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Bacteria

Front 53

Macronutrients

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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

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Micronutrients

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Vitamins
Minerals

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Our bodies best source of energy

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CARBOHYDRATES

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LDL is a lipid containing________ Protein and ________cholesterol than HDL

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Less, More

Front 57

Complete Proteins include

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1) All essential and non essential amino acids
2) Are found in animal flesh
3) Can be obtained from certain vegetables

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Fat-soluble vitamins

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A,D,E

Front 59

First step in Cellular respiration

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Glycolysis; converts one glucose into two pyruvate, releases a net of two ATP

Front 60

Anorexia

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Severe under-eating

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Maintaining healthy weight requires

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Monitoring calorie intake
Regulating energy output

Front 62

Food poisoning from poorly prepared chicken in spread through

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CAMPYLOBACTER

Front 63

Bio-Magnification can be a problem when

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eating top level predators from a polluted environment.

Front 64

Order:
Layers of the GI tract

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Serosa > Muscularis > Sub-mucosa > Mucosa

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The muscularis of the GI tract is responsible for

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creating the peristaltic wave

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Grinding and crushing is the job of our

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Pre-molars

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T/F the liver if an immune defense

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False

Front 68

Digestive enzymes are produced by the

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Pancreas

Front 69

Most stomach ulcers are caused by

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Spiral bacterium

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The cephalic phase of digestion is initiated simply by

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Smell

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The most common viral liver disease in the US

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Hepatitis C

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Parts of the large intestine

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Cecum
Vermiform appendix

Front 73

Pepsin functions at a ph

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higher then & other function @ 7

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T/F the production of urine is not a specific function of the urinary system

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True

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Order:
Blood vessel Sequence

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Renal artery > Afferent > Efferent > Peritubular capillaries > Renal Vein

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Glucose and Water are return to the blood stream at the

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PCT

Front 77

These are formed when calcium rich food are consumed

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Stones

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Urethra is for urine only in

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Females

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Urine and sperm are carried in the ______of males.

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Urethra

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Dilute urine is produced when

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ADH is absent

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Aldosterone is secreted when

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too much water is consumed

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Substances that can cause dilute urine

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Caffeine and alcohol

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The compound most important in driving respiration rates and depth of breathing is

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Carbon dioxide

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Urinalysis can detect

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Vitamins
Drug
Kidney disorders

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T/F Urinalysis can detect viral infections

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False