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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the definition of anatomy?
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The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.
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What is the definition of physiology?
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The study of the function of the body.
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What are the two most basic divisions of anatomy?
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Gross (macroscopic) and Microscopic
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What are the three major subdivisions of gross anatomy?
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Regional, Systemic, and Surface
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If you were studying the bones, muscles, and blood vessels of the anterior forearm, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.
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Regional
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If you were studying the heart, lungs, veins, arteries, and capillaries throughout the body, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.
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Systemic
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If you were studying and identifying muscle groups using only cues that were visible on the skin, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.
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Surface
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What are the two most basic subdivisions of microscopic anatomy?
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Histology and Cytology
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What would you call the study of body tissue?
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Histology
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What would you call the study of individual cells?
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Cytology
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Embryology is a division of what branch of anatomy?
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Developmental Anatomy
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What branch of anatomy concerns changes caused by disease?
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Pathological Anatomy
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What branch of anatomy concerns study of the body via X-rays and other specialized imaging techniques?
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Radiology
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What branch of anatomy concerns the study of biological chemical substances?
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Molecular biology
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What does "palpation" mean?
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Feeling organs with your hands. Yum.
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What does "auscultation" mean?
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Listening to organs with a stethoscope.
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In a CT scan, what does CT stand for?
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Computerized tomography.
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What branch of physiology concerns kidney function and urine production?
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Renal physiology
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What branch of physiology concerns the workings of the brain and spine, among other things?
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Neurophysiology
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What branch of physiology concerns the workings of the heart and blood vessels?
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Cardiovascular physiology
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What principle basically states that "what a structure can do depends on its specific form -- function reflects structure and vice versa?"
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The principle of complementarity of structure and function
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What are the levels of structural organization, ascending from simplest to most complex?
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1) Chemical
2) Cellular 3) Tissue 4) Organ 5) System 6) Organism |
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What are an organism's basic necessary life functions?
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1) Maintaining boundaries
2) Movement 3) Responsiveness 4) Digestion 5) Metabolism 6) Excretion 7) Reproduction 8) Growth |
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What are an organism's basic survival needs?
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1) Nutrients
2) Atmospheric pressure 3) Oxygen 4) Water 5) Normal body temperature |
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What's the term that describes the human body's optimal state of "dynamic equilibrium?"
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Homeostasis
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What are the three components of a "homeostatic control mechanism?"
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1) Receptor
2) Control center 3) Effector |
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Most homeostatic control mechanisms are ____ feedback mechanisms.
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Negative
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Positive feedback mechanisms can often cascade out of control so are rarely used as control mechanisms. However, there are two common situations in which a positive feedback mechanism is put to good use. What are they?
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1) Blood clotting
2) Labor contractions |
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What are the 11 basic terms used to convey direction in anatomical study?
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1) Superior
2) Inferior 3) Lateral 4) Medial 5) Intermediate 6) Anterior (ventral) 7) Posterior (dorsal) 8) Proximal 9) Distal 10) Superficial 11) Deep |
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What anatomical term means "between" two structures?
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Intermediate
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What anatomical term means "closer to the origination or trunk?"
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Proximal
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What anatomical term means "behind" or "rear?"
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Posterior (dorsal)
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What's another word for anterior?
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Ventral
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Which anatomical region consists of the head?
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Cephalic region
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What regional term describes the armpit?
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Axillary
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What anatomical term describes the eye?
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Orbital
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What anatomical term describes the neck?
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Cervical
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what anatomical term describes the palm?
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Palmar
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What anatomical term means "between the hips?"
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Coxal
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What are the two most basic subdivisions of the human body?
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The axial part and the appendicular part.
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What "part" of the body consists of the head, neck, and trunk?
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The axial part
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What do you call a plane that separates the left side of a person from the right?
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Sagittal plane
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What type of plane would separate a person's trunk from their legs?
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Transverse plane
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What type of plane would separate the body into a ventral and a dorsal part?
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Frontal plane
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What are the two major body cavities?
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The dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity
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The cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities are parts of what larger cavity?
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Dorsal cavity
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What are the two major divisions of the ventral cavity called?
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Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
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What cavities make up the thoracic cavity?
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Pleural cavities, mediastinum (mediastinum houses the pericardial cavity)
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What do you call the dual-layer membranes that cover the inside of the ventral cavity and the ventral cavity organs?
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Serosa
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What do you call a serous membrane that lines a cavity wall?
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Parietal Serosa
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What do you call a serous membrane that covers an organ?
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Visceral Serosa
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What do you call the serous membrane that lies on the heart?
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Visceral pericardium
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What do you call the serous membrane that lines the lung cavity?
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Parietal pleura
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What do you call the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Parietal peritoneum
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What is the purpose of a serous membrane?
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To protect and lubricate
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Which abdominopelvic region lies dead center on the belly button?
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Umbilical region
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Which abdominopelvic region is directly superior to the umbilical region?
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Epigastric region
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Which abdominopelvic regions lie laterally to the epigastric region?
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Left and right hypochondriac regions
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Which abdominopelvic region lies directly inferior to the right hypochondriac region?
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Right lumbar region
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Which abdominopelvic region lies directly inferior to the left lumbar region?
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Left iliac (inguinal) region
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Which abdominopelvic region lies intermediate to the left and right iliac regions?
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Hypogastric region
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What are the five body cavities, excluding the dorsal and ventral cavities?
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1) Nasal cavity
2) Oral and Digestive cavities 3) Orbital cavity 4) Synovial cavity 5) Middle ear cavity |