Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Evolution |
Formation of individuals with different genotypes. |
|
Evolution |
*The change may not be noticeable;most changes are produced over long periods of time. |
|
Genetic variability |
Occurrence of differences among individuals due to differences in their genetic make-up. |
|
Evolution |
- The change in the genetic composition of a population |
|
Gene pool Germplasm |
Collection of genetic materials which include cultivated and traditional varieties, introduced lines, elite breeding lines, wild relatives, and mutants of a given crop. |
|
Gene/Allele Frequency |
how frequently an allele of a gene appears in a population. |
|
Gene and Genotypic frequency |
Mendels’ Experiment: a focus on plant height of garden peas. |
|
Hardy-Weinberg Law |
“In a large random-mating population with no selection, mutation or migration, gene frequency and genotypic frequency are constant from generation to generation. |
|
Plant Breeding |
is a directed and accelerated evolution. |
|
Variation Heredity Selection |
Principles in Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection |
|
Mutation |
the building blocks of evolution; |
|
Mutation |
sudden heritable variation in gene or chromosome structure |
|
base substitution base addition base deletion |
Types of mutation |
|
Genetic Recombination |
- The exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. |
|
Meiotic Recombination |
- exchange of segments between homologous chromosome |
|
Aneuploidy |
-numerical change in a part of the chromosome set |
|
Euploidy |
- numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes |
|
Polyploid |
- Organism with more than two sets of chromosomes. |
|
Autopolyploid |
– ploidy involves homologous sets |
|
Allopolyploid |
– involves non-homologous sets of chromosomes |
|
Banana Potato Sweet potato |
Example of autopolyploid |
|
Cotton tobacco Wheat |
Example of Allopolyploid |
|
Natural Selection |
- Random processes resulting from interaction between environmental factors and biological entities. |
|
Natural selection |
No direction |
|
Natural selection |
Act as “sieve” on genetic recombination |