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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TRH
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin - T3 converted from circulating T4 |
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CRH
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus Stimulates secretion of ACTH - Cortisol |
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GnRH
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Hypothalamus Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH |
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GHRH
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Growth hormone releasing hormone
Hypothalamus Stimulates secretion of growth hormone, inhibits hypothalamus |
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SRIF
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Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
Hypothalamus Inhibits secretion of growth hormone + Somatomedins, GH |
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PIF
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Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine)
Hypothalamus Inhibits secretion of prolactin + Prolactin |
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TSH
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones - T3 conversion from T4 |
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FSH
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion (granulosa cells) Promotes sperm maturation (Sertoli cells) + GnRH - Inhibin, estrogen |
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LH
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Luteinizing hormone
Anterior pituitary Stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and synthesis of estrogen (granulosa cells) and prgesterone (theca cells) Stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone (leydig cells) + GnRH - Testosterone, estrogen |
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GH
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Growth hormone (cortisol permisive)
Anterior pituitary Stimulates protein synthesis, lipolysis Inhibits glucose uptake + sleep, stress, puberty, hypoglycemia, excercise, GHRH(major) - somatostatin, IGF, pregnancy, hyperglycemia |
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Prolactin
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Anterior pituitary
Stimulates milk production and breast development Inhibits ovulation and spermatogenesis - Dopamine(PIF) + TRH (minor) |
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ACTH
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Anterior pituitary Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones + CRH, hypoxemia, excercise, stress, hypoglycemia - Cortisol |
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Beta-lipotropin
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Anterior pituitary
?function? in human |
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MSH
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary Stimulates melanin synthesis (? humans) |
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ADH
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Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Supraoptic nuclei Stimulates H2O reabsorption by renal collecting ducts + high serum osmolarity, low BP, nausea - low serum osmolarity, ANP, alpha-Agonists, ethanol, high Ca2+ |
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Oxytocin
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Paraventricular Nuclei
Milk ejection and uterine contraction + Suckling, dilation of cervix - Opioids, endorphins |
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T4, T3
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L-thyroxine, Triiodothronine
Thyroid gland (follicular cells) Increases skeletal growth, O2 consumption, cardiac output, heat production, fuel catabolism, maturation of nervous system (perinatal) + TSH |
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Cortisol
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Glucocorticoids
Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) Stimulates gluconeogenesis Anti-inflammatory, immunosupression, up-regulate alpha1-receptors + ACTH |
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Estradiol
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Ovary (granulosa cell)
Synthesized from testosterone by aromatase Growth and development of female reproductive organs, maintains pregnanacy, lowers contractile threshold for uterus, stimulates prolactin production Negative feedback in follicular phase and luteal phase Positive feedback during ovulation + FSH |
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Progesterone
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Ovary (theca cells)
Synthesis from pregnelone Maintains pregnancy, develops breasts, raises uterine contractile threshold, maintains secretory activity of uterus in luteal phase Negative feedback to hypothalamus in luteal phase + LH |
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Testosterone
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Leydig cells
5alpha reductase -> DHEA Spermatogenesis, male secondary sex characteristics, secretory activity Inhibits LH and GnRH secretion + LH |
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PTH
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Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid gland (chief cells) Incrases serum [Ca2+], resorption of bone, renal reabsorption, intestinal absorption Decreases serum [phosphate], inhibit renal reabsorption + low [Ca2+] - high [Ca2+] |
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Calcitonin
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Parathyroid gland (parafollicular cells)
Decreases serum [Ca2+], inhibits bone resorption + high serum [Ca2+] |
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Aldosterone
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Adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa)
Increases renal Na+ reabsorption, water reabsorption, K+ secretion, and H+ secretion + Angiotensin II, hyperkalemia, 10%BV loss, CRH, ACTH |
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1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
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Kidney (activation)
Increases Ca2+, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption, bone resorption Increases intestinal [PO4-] absorption + low serum [Ca2+], high PTH, low serum [PO4-] |
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Insulin
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Pancreas (beta cells)
Decreases blood [glucose], [amino acid], and [fatty acid], decreases blood [K+] + high blood D-glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, GH, cortisol, GIP, Glucagon - low blood glucose, somatostatin |
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Glucagon
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Pancreas (alpha cells)
Increases blood [glucose] and [fatty acid], increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, increases urea production + low blood glucose, high amino acids, CCK, catecholamines - high blood glucose, somatostatin, insulin |
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HCG
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
Placenta Increases estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum in pregnanacy |
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HPL
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Human placental lactogen
Placenta Same actions as growth hormone and prolactin during pregnancy |
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Androgen
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DHEA + A
Adrenal cortex (zona reticularis) Precursors of testosterone and estradiol |
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Inhibin
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Sertoli cells
Inhibits FSH and GnRH secretion + Activin, FSH, testosterone - Follistatin |