Honors Bio, Ch. 2, Alana Pettaway

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Components in foods that are essential for organisms to grow and survive.

Hint 1

1. Fish is a good source of many _________ because it has vitamins, minerals, and protein.

2. Raw materials

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

An organism that cannot create its own food, so it obtains its food and energy from other complex organisms.

Hint 2

1. ex; humans

2. prefix is Greek and means "other"

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

An organism that creates its own food from nonliving resources.

Hint 3

1. ex; producers

2. prefix is Greek and means "self"

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Autotrophs that obtain their energy through sunlight

Hint 4

1. This is done through the process of photosynthesis

2. prefix is Greek and means "light"

Front 5

Chemoautotrophs

Back 5

Autotrophs that obtain their energy from inorganic chemicals.

Hint 5

1. Chemosynthesis is used

2. ____________ are mostly bacteria or archea that live in hostile environments

Front 6

Chemosynthesis

Back 6

The process of converting one or more carbon atoms and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules.

Hint 6

1. Bacteria in the deep ocean obtain energy this way

2. Typically in the absence of sunlight

Front 7

Cell Respiration

Back 7

The process of oxidizing food molecules to carbon dioxide and water

Hint 7

1. Energy is trapped in the form of ATP

2. Energy is released in cellular bonds

Front 8

Producers

Back 8

Any type of plant

Hint 8

1. Make their own food

2. Bottom of the food chain

Front 9

Consumers

Back 9

Obtain energy by eating other living organisms

Hint 9

1. Top of the food chain

2. Ex; humans

Front 10

Photosynthesis

Back 10

The process of obtaining energy and nutrients from sunlight

Hint 10

1. Plants use _______ to get their energy

2. Light energy converts to chemical energy

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

An organism that decomposes organic material

Hint 11

1. Ex; fungus

2. Breaks down cells of dead organisms

Front 12

Food Web

Back 12

Relationships formed between producers, consumers, and decomposed in an ecosystem to show the transfer of energy and nutrients

Hint 12

1. Connection of food chains

2. Consumer resource system

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Of, relating to, or resulting from living things

Hint 13

1. Ex; organisms

2. Influences or affects an ecosystem

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

Not derived from living organisms

Hint 14

1. Ex; sunlight

2. Components in an environment that are non living

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

Includes all abiotic and biotic factors in a particular place

Hint 15

1. Ex; coral reef

2. Living systems and nonliving components interacting as a system.

Front 16

Habitat

Back 16

Part of an ecosystem where certain organisms live

Hint 16

1. Ex; shallow water

2. The __________ of the spotted turtle has greatly diminished

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All of the ecosystems on earth

Hint 17

1. Zone of life on Earth

2. All of the ecosystems are in a broader category called a __________

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

The ability to do work

Hint 18

1. It is important to eat foods that give you _______

2. Various forms; electrical, chemical, mechanical, etc.

Front 19

Chemical Energy

Back 19

Energy stored in molecules released during chemical reactions

Hint 19

1. Often produces heat

2. Stored in bonds

Front 20

Free energy

Back 20

Portion of chemical energy that is available to do work

Hint 20

1. Internal energy minus amount of energy that cannot be used to perform work

2. A thermodynamic state function

Front 21

Heat energy

Back 21

Transferred among particles in a substance by means of kinetic energy of those particles

Hint 21

1. Always accompanied by a change in entropy

2. Flows from higher temp to lower temp

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted into different forms

Hint 22

1. Conservation of energy

2. Potential energy ---> mechanical energy

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

Systems tend to change in a way that increases the entropy of the system and its surroundings

Hint 23

1. Entropy always increases

2. Sometimes people say that life violates the ___________

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Lack of order

Hint 24

1. Measure of ways that a system could be arranged

2. Nature tends from order to disorder

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

Proteins that lower the activation energy needed for biochemical reactions to occur allowing for a much faster rate of reaction

Hint 25

1. Produced by living organisms

2. Acts as a catalyst

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Any chemicals that lower activation energy

Hint 26

1. Shape is closely related to its functions

2. Enzymes are _________

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

Small region of an enzyme's tertiary structure that matches up with a small region on the reactants

Hint 27

1. Consists of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate

2. Molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts

Hint 28

1. Bonds with the enzyme active site

2. The soil is the ________ of most plants

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

Describes all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cell and the organism

Hint 29

1. Green tea is known to speed up your ___________

2. Origin is Greek and means change

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

Production of chemical compounds by reaction of simpler materials

Hint 30

1. Na + Cl ---> NaCl

2. Formed by combining

Front 31

Biosynthesis

Back 31

The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells

Hint 31

1. Ex; photosynthesis

2. Ex; Chemosynthesis

Front 32

Oxidation

Back 32

The interaction between oxygen molecules and other substances

Hint 32

1. Loss of electrons

2. Valence is increased

Front 33

ATP

Back 33

A nucleotide that releases energy when hydrolyzed to ADP

Hint 33

1. Composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups

2. C10H16N5O13P3

Front 34

ADP

Back 34

An organic compound that is important in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy

Hint 34

1. Composed of one adenosine and 2 phosphate groups

2. C10H15N5O10P2