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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What 2 things pass through Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen?
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1. anterior ethmoidal nerves
2. vessels |
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What 2 things pass through Carotid Canal?
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1. internal carotid artery
2. deep petrosal nerve |
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What passes through Cribiform plate?
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olfactory nerves
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What passes through Facial Canal?
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facial nerve proper
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What passes through Foramen Cecum and where does it come from and go to?
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emissary vein from nasal cavity to superior sagittal sinus
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What 4 things pass through Foramen Lacerum? (artery, vein, 2 nerves)
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1. meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
2. emissary vein from pterygoid venous plexus 3. greater superficial petrosal nerve 4. deep petrosal nerve from carotid plexus |
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What 5 things pass through Foramen Magnum?
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1. anterior and posterior spinal arteries and veins
2. alar ligaments, 3. tectorial membrane, 4. apical ligament 5. spinal accessory nerve. |
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What 3 things pass through Foramen Ovale?
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1. mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)
2. accessory meningeal artery 3. lesser petrosal nerve |
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What passes through Foramen Rotundum?
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maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)
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What pass through Foramen Spinosum?
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1. middle meningeal artery
2. recurrent branch of mandibular nerve |
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What passes through Foramen Vesalii?
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emissary vein from pterygoid venous plexus
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What 2 things pass through Greater Palatine Foramen?
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1. anterior (greater) palatine nerves and vessels,
2. posterior (lesser) palatine nerves and vessels. These are branches of pterygopalatine or descending palatine nerves and vessels. |
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What 2 things pass through Hiatus of the Facial (greater superficial petrosal) canal?
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1. greater superficial petrosal nerve
2. petrosal branches of middle meningeal artery |
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What 2 things pass through Hypoglossal Canal?
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1. hypoglossal nerve
2. meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery |
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What 2 things pass through Incisive (Nasopalatine) Canal?
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1. nasopalatine branches of descending palatine nerves
2. nasopalatine branches of descending palatine vessels |
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What 3 things pass through Inferior Orbital (Sphenomaxillary) Fissure?
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1. maxillary nerve branches
2. zygomatic infraorbital,lacrimal branch of greater petrosal nerve 3. Infraorbital vessels. |
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What 2 things pass through (Inferior) Tympanic Canaliculus?
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1. tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (will become lesser petrosal) ,
2. tympanic branch of ascending pharyngeal artery |
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What 2 things pass through Infraorbital foramen?
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1. infraorbital branch of maxillary nerve
2. infraorbital vessels. |
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What 3 things pass through Internal Acoustic Meatus?
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1. vestibulocochlear nerve
2. facial nerve 3. internal auditory branch of basilar artery |
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What 4 things pass through Jugular Foramen?
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1. internal jugular vein
2. glossopharyngeal nerve 3. vagus nerve 4. spinal accessory nerve |
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What 2 things pass through Lesser Palatine Foramen?
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1. posterior (lesser) palatine nerves 2. posterior (lesser palatine vessels
These are branches of pterygopalatine or descending palatine nerves and vessels. |
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What 2 things pass through Mandibular (Inferior Alveolar) Foramen?
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1. inferior alveolar nerve
2. vessels. |
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What passes through Mastoid Canaliculus (Tympanomastoid Fissure)?
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1. auricular branch of vagus nerve
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What 2 things pass through Mastoid Foramen?
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1. mastoid branch of occipital artery 2. emissary vein
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What 2 things pass through Mental Foramen?
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1. mental nerve
2. vessels |
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What is another name for Nasolacrimal Canal?
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tear duct
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What 3 things pass through Optic Foramen?
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1. optic nerve
2. ophthalmic artery 3. central retinal artery |
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What passes through Parietal Foramen?
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emissary vein
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What passes through Petrotympanic (Squamotympanic) Fissure?
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chorda tympanic branch of the facial nerve
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What 2 things pass through Pharyngeal Canals (along with vomerovaginal canals)?
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1. pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery
2. pharyngeal branchess of greater petrosal nerve |
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What 2 things pass through Posterior Condylar Canal?
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1. emissary vein
2. meningeal branches of occipital artery |
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What 2 things pass through Posterior Ethmoidal Foramen?
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1. posterior ethmoidal nerve
2. vessels |
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What 2 things pass through Posterior Superior Alveolar (Maxillary) Foramen?
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1. posterior superior alveolar nerve
2. vessels |
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What passes through Pterygoid (Vidian) Canal?
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nerve of pterygoid canal
(combined sympathetic postganglionics of deep petrosal nerve and parasympathetic preganglionics from greater petrosal nerve.) |
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What 2 things pass through Pterygomaxillary Fissure?
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1. maxillary artery
2. posterior superior alveolar nerve |
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What 2 things pass through Pterygopalatine (Descending Palatine) Canal?
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1. descending palatine nerves
2. vessels. |
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What 5 things pass through Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) Foramen?
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1. pterygopalatine vessels
2. nasopalatine nerve 3. posterior nasal nerves 4. pharyngeal nerves 5. vessels. |
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What passes through Stylomastoid Foramen?
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facial nerve proper
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What is the Sulcus Tubae Auditivae?
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groove for cartilaginous portion of auditory tube
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What 5 things pass through Superior Orbital Fissure?
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1. occulomotor nerve
2. ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (V1) 3. trochlear nerve 4. abducens nerve 5. ophthalamic vein |
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What 2 things pass through Supraorbital Fissure?
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1. supraorbital nerve
2. vessels |
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What passes through Zygomaticofacial Foramen?
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1. zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic nerve of zygomatic branch of maxillary
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What passes through Zygomatico-orbital Foramen?
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zygomatic nerve of V2
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What passes through Zygomaticotemporal Foramen?
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zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic branch of maxillary
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Name CNI
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Olfactory
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Name CNII
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Optic
|
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Name CNIII
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Occulomotor
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Name CNIV
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Trochlear
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Name CNV
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Trigeminal
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Name CNVI
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Abducens
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Name CNVII
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Facial
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Name CNVIII
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Vestibulococchlear (auditory)
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Name CNIX
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Glossopharyngeal
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Name CNX
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Vagus
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Name CNXI
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Spinal Accessory
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Name CNXII
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Hypoglossal
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Pneumonic for relating CNs to their names
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On old Olympus' towering top, a frenchman and german viewed and hopped.
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What CN provides special sense of smell?
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CNI (olfactory)
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What CN provides special sense of vision?
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CNII (optic)
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Which CN provides motor function to superior, inferior and medal rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpebrae muscles and muscles of the iris and ciliary body?
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CNIII (occulomotor)
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What CN provides motor function of superior oblique muscle, the only muscle innervated by this CN?
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CNIV (trochlear)
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What CN provides sensory function to head, face (except ear and angle of mandible), teeth, mucous membranes (except post oral cavity and pharynx)?
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CNV (trigeminal)
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What CN provides motor function to muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles?
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CNV (trigeminal)
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What CN provides motor function to lateral rectus muscle?
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CNVI (abducens)
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What CN provides mostly motor function to the face (muscles of facial expression), digastric
(posterior belly), stylohyoid and stapedius muscles? |
CNVII (facial)
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What CN provides secretory motor function to lacrimal, palatal, submandibular & sublingual
glands? |
CNVII (facial)
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What CN provides special sense of taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)?
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CNVII (facial)
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What CN provides special sense of hearing and special sense of balance?
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CNVIII (auditory, vestibulocochlear)
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What CN is the sensory nerve to the posterior tongue, palate, & pharynx and has motor function to palatal muscles, parotid gland (secretion) &
gag reflex? |
CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
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What CN provides special sense of taste (posterior 1/3 tongue, soft palate)?
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CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
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What CN has overlapping motor function with IX, gag reflex and is the only motor innervation to laryngeal muscles (voice); it also has sensory innervation of ear (pinna) and parasympathetic to heart and other viscera?
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CNX (vagus)
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What CN provides motor function to trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles?
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CNXI (spinal accessory)
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What 2 muscles are innervated by motor CNXI?
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trapezius, sternocleidomastoid
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What CN provides motor function to tongue?
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CNXII (hypoglossal)
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What CN is the only motor innervation to laryngeal muscles (voice)?
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CNX (vagus)
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What CN has motor function to palatal muscles, parotid gland (secretion) &
gag reflex? |
CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
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What does the olfactory nerve attach to, which attaches to what CN?
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olfactory nerve attaches to olfactory bulb, which attaches to CNI (olfactory)
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What CN has the most anatomically distinct chiasm (crossover)?
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CNII (optic)
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What does olfactory nerve go through?
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cribiform plate
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What is the only CN to enter through one foramen and leave through another?
What foramen? |
CNXI (spinal accessory) enters through foramen magnum and leaves through ?
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What is a nerve nucleus?
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when cell bodies are in CNS and aggregated
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What is a nerve ganglion?
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when cell bodies are in PNS and aggregated
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What 3 things comprise the CNS?
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1. brain
2. brainstem 3. gray matter of spinal cord |
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The posterior alar plate cells of the brainstem are what?
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sensory cells (afferent)
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The anterior basal plate cells of the brainstem are what?
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motor cells (efferent)
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What fold in the spinal cord separates alar from basal plates? (afferent from efferent)
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sulcus limitans
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What is the difference between "special" and "general"?
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Special - only associated with CNs
General - found in CNs AND/OR spinal nerves |
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What is the difference between "somatic" and visceral"?
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Somatic - body as a whole
Visceral - linked to a tubular organ |
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What 3 CNs are SSA (special somatic afferent)?
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olfactory, optic, vestibulococchlear
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Are most CNs GSA (9 of them)? (general somatic afferent) Which is the most important one?
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Yes. CNV is most important general somatic sensory.
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What 4 CNs are SVA (special visceral afferent)? What are they related to?
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related to smell or taste
smell: olfactory taste: facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus |
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What 2 CNs are GVA? (general visceral afferent)
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glossopharyngeal, vagus
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What are the 2 visceral organs in the head?
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nasal cavity
oral cavity |
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What 4 CNs are GVE? (general visceral efferent)
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occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
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What 5 CNs are SVE and associated with muscles that developed from branchial arches? (special visceral efferent)
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trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory
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What 4 CNs are GSE (general somatic efferent)?
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occulomotor, trochlear, abducens, hypoglossal
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What is the largest ganglion in the body and is ONLY GSA?
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CNV ganglion
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The only motor ganglia in the body are what?
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autonomic
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What is the pneumonic for sensory, motor, or both of CNs?
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Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs marry money.
S- sensory M- motor B- both |
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What is the component of CN I?`
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SVA
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What is the component of CN II?
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SSA
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What are the 3 components of CN III?
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GSE, GVE, GSA
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What are the 2 components of CN IV?
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GSE, GSA
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What are the 2 components of CN V?
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GSA, SVE
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What are the 2 components of CN VI?
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GSE, GSA
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What are the 5 components of CN VII?
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SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA, GSA
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What are the only 2 components not represented by CN VII?
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SSA, GVA
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What is the component of CN VIII?
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SSA
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What are the 5 components of CN IX?
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SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA, GVA
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What are the 5 components of CN X?
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SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA, GVA
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What are the 3 components of CN XI?
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SVE (?), GSE (?), GSA
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What are the 2 components of CN XII?
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GSE, GSA
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What is it and what does it transmit?
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Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen - anterior ethmoidal nerves
|
|
10
What is it and what does it transmit? (3) |
Carotid Canal - internal carotid artery, deep petrosal nerve and other Postganglionic sympathetics (carotid plexus).
|
|
6
What is it and what does it transmit? (6) What CN? |
Foramen Magnum -
spinal accessory nerve. junction of spinal cord and brainstem, anterior and posterior spinal and veins, alar ligaments, tectorial membrane, apical ligament, |
|
9
What is it and what does it transmit? (one vein and 3 CNs) |
Jugular Foramen -
internal jugular v., glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., spinal accessory n. |
|
11
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 artery, 1 vein, and 2 nerves) |
Foramen Lacerum -
meningeal br. of ascending pharyngeal a., emissary v. from pterygoid venous plexus, greater superficial petrosal n., deep petrosal n. from carotid plexus. |
|
12
What is it and what does it transmit? (2 nerves, 1 artery) |
Foramen Ovale -
mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve, accessory meningeal a., lesser petrosal n. |
|
1
What is it? What does it transmit? What 2 foramen form the ends that border it? |
Facial canal
transmits facial nerve proper starts at internal acoustic meatus and ends at stylomastoid foramen |
|
2
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 vein) |
Foramen Cecum -
emissary vein from nasal cavity to superior sagital sinus. |
|
4
What is it and what does it transmit? |
Cribriform Plate -
olfactory nerves |
|
6
|
lesser wing of sphenoid
|
|
12
What is it and what does it transmit? |
Foramen Rotundum -
maxillary br. of trigeminal nerve |
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13
What is it and what does it transmit? (2 nerves, 1 artery) |
Foramen Ovale -
mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve, accessory meningeal a., lesser petrosal n. |
|
14
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve, 1 artery) |
Foramen Spinosum -
middle meningeal a., recurrent br. of mandibular n. |
|
16
|
Petrous Part of Temporal bone
|
|
20
What is it and what does it transmit? |
Hypoglossal Canal -
hypoglossal nerve meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal a. |
|
21
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 vein, 3 CNs) |
Jugular Foramen -
internal jugular v., glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., spinal accessory n. |
|
22
What is it and what does it transmit? (2 CNs and 1 artery) |
Internal Acoustic Meatus - vestibulocochlear n.,
facial n., internal auditory br. of basilar a. |
|
24
What is it? |
Foramen Lacerum
|
|
25
What is it and what does it transmit? (4 CNs and 1 vein) |
Superior Orbital Fissure -
occulomotor (III) trochlear n. (IV) ophthalmic br. of trigeminal n. (V1) abducent n. (VI) ophthalamic v. |
|
1
What is it and what does it transmit? (nerves and vessels) |
Incisive (Nasopalatine) foramen - nasopalatine branches of descending palatine nerves
vessels to the palate |
|
4
What is it and what does it transmit? (2 nerves and vessels along with those nerves) |
Greater Palatine Foramen -
anterior (greater) palatine nerves and vessels, posterior (lesser) palatine nerves and vessels. |
|
5
What is it and what does it transmit? (nerves and vessels along with it) |
Lesser Palatine Foramen -
posterior (lesser) palatine nerves and vessels. |
|
6
|
Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid
|
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8
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Squamous Part of Temporal Bone
|
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9
|
Mandibular Fossa (glenoid)
|
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11
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve) |
Stylomastoid Foramen -
facial nerve proper |
|
12
|
Mastoid Process
|
|
13
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 artery, 1 vein) |
Mastoid Foramen -
mastoid branch of occipital a. emissary v. |
|
14
|
Superior Nuchal Line
|
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16
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Median Nuchal Line
|
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17
|
Inferior Nuchal Line
|
|
21
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve and 1 artery) |
Hypoglossal Canal -
hypoglossal nerve meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal a. |
|
24
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 artery and 1 nerve) |
Foramen Spinosum -
middle meningeal a., recurrent br. of mandibular n. |
|
27
|
Vomer
|
|
Circled orifice and what it transmits? (2 nerves, set of vessels)
|
Inferior Orbital (Sphenomaxillary) Fissure
1. maxillary nerve branches 2. zygomatic infraorbital,lacrimal br. of greater petrosal n., 3. Infraorbital vessels. |
|
1
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve, 1 set of vessels) |
infraorbital foramen
infraorbital br. of maxillary n., infraorbital vessels. |
|
1
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve) |
Mandibular (Inferior Alveolar) Foramen
inferior alveolar n. and vessels. |
|
2
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve) |
Mental Foramen -
mental n. and vessels. |
|
What is it and what does it transmit?
|
nasolacrimal canal
tears |
|
10
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve, 2 arteries) |
Optic Foramen -
optic n., ophthalmic a., central retinal a. |
|
What is it and what does it transmit? (1 nerve and vessels)
|
Supraorbital Fissure -
supraorbital n. and vessels |