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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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first main document including health as a human right, 1948
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Declaration of Alma-Ata
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Comprehensive, integrated primary health care approach effective
As a result document was drafted calling for health by 2000 by means of primary health care |
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General Comment on Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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More specifics on what the right to health means, quality and accessibility, etc...
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Social Determinants of Health
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Gender Inequality
Poverty Poor Infrastructure Access to Health Services Stigma Education |
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Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality
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Hemorrhage
Eclampsia Sepsis Unsafe abortion |
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Prevention to Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
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Improved access to safe abortion services
Improved access to comprehensive essential obstetric care Tetanus vaccine Treatment for Iron deficiency Drugs for preventing malaria Active management for 3rd stage labor Magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia Ca supplement for pregnant women Antibiotics for vaginosis Antibiotics for preterm membrane rupture |
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Traditional Birth attendant
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Community based
sought out be women Low tech Teaches clean delivery Limited technical skills False reassurances |
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Skilled Birth attendant
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Proper training, range of skills
Can: assess risk factors recognize onset of complications observe woman/monitor fetus perform essential, basic interventions Can refer to higher level of care if complications arise |
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HIV/AIDS Prevention
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ABC
Needle Exchange Clean blood supply Prevent vertical transmission |
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AIDS risk factor for women
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Being married
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WHO Breastfeeding recommendations
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Begin Immediately
Exclusive for 6 months Complementary for up to 2 years |
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40s and 50s movements
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emphasis on eradication of disease (malaria, smallpox, etc...)
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60s and 70s movements
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Emphasis on primary health care
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80s and 90s
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Selective primary health care, moving into large global health initiatives along with global millenium development goals
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Factors leading to increased infectious disease outbreaks
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Natural Disasters
Increased trade Increased travel Migration of populations Adaptation of microbes |
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Viral Chatter
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Viruses from animal to human. Continuous transmission before staying with human population before mutation
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Disease surveillance elements
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Set goal
Define case definition Select personnel and materials Implement surveillance activity Evaluate activity |
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Leading causes of death between developing and developed world
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developed world older age - chronic
developing world younger age - still chronic |
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Stunting
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height for age
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low weight
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weight for age
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Wasting
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weight to height
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Measure of undernutrition
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stunting
underweight weight to height low birth |
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Determinants of undernutrition
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poverty
repeated chronic infection acute infection Lack of maternal education Maternal depression and mortality Lack of a caregiver |
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Consequences of undernutrition
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education, less often, start later
poorly on cognitive tests less productive adults more likely to die or get sick |
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Micronutrient deficiency
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Iron - anemia
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Connection between poverty and nutrition
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reduced undernutrition can reduce poverty
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WHO 6 building blocks
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Delivery of Services
Medical Equipment, vaccines, technology Financing Leadership and Governance Health Information Systems Healthcare workforce |
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5 control knobs
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Financing
Payment Organization Regulation Behavior |
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4 health systems goals
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Risk Protection
Health Status Customer Satisfaction Efficiency |
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Characteristics of Chronic Disease
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Long latency between exposure to riska nd outbreak
High degree of preventability Low cure rate, decades of treatment Considerable co-morbidity Strong linkage to poverty and development |
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Child (U5), Infant, Neonatal
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Neo - under 28 days
Infant - under 1 year Child/U5 - under 5 years |
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Prevention of Child MM
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ORT
Antibiotics Antimalarials Zinc Newborn resucitation Breastfeeding ITN Complementary feeding Flu vaccine Antiseptic delivery Water, sanitation, hygiene |
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Causes of Child Mortality
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Pneumonia
Diarrhea Neonatal (sepsis, pneumonia, pre-term delivery, asphyxia) Malaria Other |
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Leading causes of Neo-natal
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Preterm birth
Severe infections Asphyxia Tetanus Congenital abnormalities Diarrhoeal disease Other |
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Cause/Burden of Cancer
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Tobacco
Chronic infection in developing countries Complex array of diet and physical activity factors |
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Ways global health initiatives have impacted existing health systems
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Global health initiatives are speciailized to certain areas and/or diseases so money and energy go towards that and fighting off diseases have been effective. However, when the health system is weak or suffering the GHIs have a negative effect on the system and weakens the system. The selective approach both helps and weakens it.
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