Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs.
|
Aurangzeb
|
|
It is accurate to state that...
|
the Osmanli Turks first consolidated their control of the southwestern part of the Anatolian peninsula, given to them by the Seljuks.
|
|
the Ottomans defeated the Serbs, ending Serbian domination of the Balkans.
|
Result of battle of Kosovo
|
|
Ottoman artists produced distinctive pottery and glazed tiles at the city of
|
Iznik
|
|
The son of Shah Jahan, who killed his brother, imprisoned his father, and then assumed the throne himself, was
|
Aurangzeb
|
|
was strongly influenced by Turkish elements within the society.
|
Safavid Empire
|
|
The name of the Chinese dynasty established by the Manchus was
|
Qing
|
|
claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
Developed the steam engine
|
James Watt
|
|
shi'ite muslims was the unifiying forces
|
Safavid Empire
|
|
Safavid Empire reached most glory under
|
Shah Abbas I
|
|
mixes culture of nomadic Turks and Iranian farmers
|
Safavid Empire
|
|
Janissaries were a part of the _______Empire
|
Safavid
|
|
leader in the Battle of Kosovo
|
Murad I
|
|
Empire ruled by the Harem
|
Ottoman Empire
|
|
Empire tolerant towards Orthodox Christians (Greeks adn Slavs) Jews and Armenian Chrisitans
|
Ottoman Empire
|
|
Sunni Muslims were in the _______Empire
|
Ottoman Empire
|
|
Lead by Sultans and Caliphs
|
Ottoman Empire
|
|
Capital renamed by Ottoman Turks
|
Constantinople/Istanbul
|
|
City taken by Mehmet from the Byzantines
|
Constantinople/Istanbul
|
|
Cilization who preferred local rulers.
|
Ottoman Turks
|
|
Leader of Ottoman Turks
|
Osman
|
|
Civilization in Anatolian peninsula
|
Ottoman Turks
|
|
Relatively peaceful civilizations
|
Ottoman Turks
|
|
Descendant of Tamerlane (Asian conqueror) and Gengis Khan (Mongol)
|
Babur
|
|
Founder of Mughal Empire
|
Babur
|
|
Many religions combined with emperor having highest authority
|
Din-I-ilahi (Divine Faith)
|
|
Gunpowder Empire
|
Mughal Empire
|
|
Empire that built the Taj Mahal
|
Mughal Empire
|
|
where tiles and pottery were produced
|
Iznik
|
|
Old Nicea
|
Iznik
|
|
Turkish speaking people from Central Asia
|
Uzbeks
|
|
Chief Turkish political and military force
|
Uzbeks
|
|
Capital at Bokhara
|
Uzbeks
|
|
Location of the Taj Mahal
|
Agra
|
|
collected taxes from Calcutta area used to pay for military
|
British East India Company
|
|
Built by Shah Jahan to wife Mumtaz Mahal
|
Taj Mahal
|
|
Most beautiful building in India
|
Taj Mahal
|
|
Location of Humayun's mausoleum
|
Agra
|
|
The Ramayana belongs to the_________religion
|
Hindu
|
|
Began in the southern Tamil languages
|
Ramayana
|
|
Works written by Tulisdas
|
Ramayana and Ramcaritmanas
|
|
Muslim practice of isolating and preventing women from associating with men outside the home
|
Purdah
|
|
devotional story with a holy Rama and Sita and combined conflicting cults of Vishnu and Shiva in a unified love for the divine
|
Ramcaritmanas
|
|
The Purdah was adopted by this group
|
upper-class Hindus
|
|
The Purdah empire was mainly used in the _________Empire
|
Mughal
|
|
Leader that forbade gambling, drinking and prostitution
|
Aurangzeb
|
|
forced Islamic conversions which led to rebellions led by Hindus
|
Aurangzeb
|
|
Mughal empire fell under control of__________
|
Aurangzeb
|
|
His mother emptied the treasury for luxury and charity projects
|
Shah Jahan
|
|
Killed rivals when he came to power
|
Shah Jahan
|
|
Built the Taj Mahal
|
Shah Jahan
|
|
Son of Humayun
|
Akbar
|
|
Took over much of subcontinent because of heavy artillery, negotiations, and siege warfare.
|
Akbar
|
|
Tolerant of religions
|
Akbar
|
|
strengthened central control of India, but only wanted to be happy (meat and wine)
|
Jahangir
|
|
Son of Akbar
|
Jahangir
|
|
court falls under influence of one of his wives
|
Jahangir/Nur-Jahan
|
|
Founder of the Safavid Empire.
|
Ismail
|
|
Pronounced self shah of a new Persian state.
|
Ismail
|
|
Sent shi’ite preachers into Anatolia which led to a rebellion among ottoman turks.
|
Ismail
|
|
Lost Tabriz to Selim (ottoman) but got it back
|
Ismail
|
|
Built military of Janissaries
|
Murad I
|
|
Consolidated empire in the Balkans and set up capital at Edirne
|
Murad I
|
|
Orkhan I
|
leader of the Ottoman Empire
|
|
Dominate Balkans and became Sultan
|
Orkhan I
|
|
ruled by the Manchu
|
Qing Dynasty
|
|
“Pure Dynasty”
|
Qing Dynasty
|
|
Civilization with the Bannermen
|
Qing Dynasty
|
|
Chinese patron of the arts
|
Emperor Kangxi
|
|
Greatest ruler in China
|
Emperor Kangxi
|
|
Chinese ruler that was tolerant of Dominicans, Franciscans and Jesuits
|
Emperor Kangxi
|
|
Jesuits reached their height and were most influential during his rule
|
Emperor Kangxi
|
|
Small island of Japan where Dutch were allowed to partake in limited trade
|
Nagasaki
|
|
Island that was like a prison for its inhabitants
|
Nagasaki
|
|
island that was the only foreign trade for Japan
|
Nagasaki
|
|
Tokugawa shogunate gave more restrictions to ________class
|
Women--especially Samurai
|
|
Women in this society had to obey her husband or face death
|
Tokugawa Shogunate
|
|
Noble women in Tokugawa became________or ________to make husbands look good
|
poets or painters
|
|
Where families of the daimyo were held hostage to keep daimyo loyal
|
Edo/Tokyo
|
|
Only self proclaimed shogun
|
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
|
Center of Tokugawa Shogunate power
|
Edo/Tokyo
|
|
3rd of 3 great unifiers-- most powerful and long lasting of the shogunates
|
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
|
Small territory that was given to Portuguese from Chinese officials as a trade city
|
Macao
|
|
It settled the boundary dispute resulted in regular trade between Russia and china
|
Treaty of Nerchinsk
|
|
Treaty of Nerchinsk was achieved with help of____________
|
Jesuit missionaries
|
|
1st Jesuit missionary
|
Francis Xavier
|
|
He was able to convert some local diaymo
|
Francis Xavier
|
|
decline due to weak rulers (corruption, concentration of land ownership) and peasant rebellions.
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
1st Chinese novel appeared in this dynasty
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
Blue and White Porcelain is from______
|
The Ming Dynasty
|
|
Dynasty that had an alliance with Manchus
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
"Bright Dynasty"
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in a peasant rebellion
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
Primary fighting force of Qing.
|
Bannermen
|
|
Bannermen were made up of_____
|
All Manchu people (excluding nobles) were assigned land and military units
|
|
Bannermen were put into_____
|
Separate units in various strategic positions throughout China
|
|
territory expansion into central Asia and toward Vietnam. spread influence into Indian Ocean but stopped to focus on domestic affairs
|
Ming Dynasty
|
|
Grew up as a farmer's son and later changed his name to embellish his reputation as a provider
|
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
|
|
Moved Japanese capital to Osaka
|
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
|
|
Persuaded the daimyo in Japan to accept authority/currency
|
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
|
|
Expelled Christianity from Japan
|
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
|
|
2 of 3 great unifiers of Tokugawa Japan
|
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
|
|
Led peasant revolt becuase he lost his job as a postal worker due to job cuts
|
Li Zicheng
|
|
Overthrew the Ming Dynasty but didn't last (Manchus take over)
|
Li Zicheng
|
|
states divided into separate territories(domains)
|
Han
|
|
Han was ruled by____
|
250 Daimyo
|
|
Direct subordinates to shogunate
|
Fudai (inside) daimyo
|
|
Larger and had more independence. More distant from the center of shogunate power in Edo
|
Tozama (outside) daimyo
|
|
Carefree revelers enjoying the pleasures of life in the entertainment quarter
|
"The Floating World"
|
|
Some Japanese daughters were sent here
|
"The Floating World"
|
|
States were divided into the han during ___________
|
"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
|
|
coalition of daimyo and a council of elders
|
"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
|
|
more centralized government
|
Bakufu
|
|
Changes to Samurai system (farmers ceased to be warrior class and moved to castle towns)
|
"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
|
|
seized capital of Kyoto and placed reigning shogun under his control.
|
Oda Nobunaga
|
|
First of 3 great unifiers of Tokugawa Japan
|
Oda Nobunaga
|
|
Killed by his general in 1582
|
Oda Nobunaga
|
|
Consolidated rule by defeating rivals and suppressing power of Buddhist estates.
|
Oda Nobunaga
|
|
“I think therefore I am”
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
Thought that our existence should be set aside everything and begin again
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
Only accepted what reason said was true
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
First European observations of heavens with telescope
|
Galileo
|
|
Cartesian(absolute) dualism. Using reason to understand material world = machine governed by physical laws because it was created by God (the great geometrician)
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
separation of mind(can’t be doubted) and matter (doubt body and material)
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
Discovered mountains on the moon, four moons around Jupiter, and sunspots
|
Galileo
|
|
Found that the Universe was(perfect and unchanging substance) wasn’t material similar to earth
|
Galileo
|
|
He wrote The Starry Messenger which made Europeans see a new picture of universe.
|
Galileo
|
|
War aka French and Indian War
|
Seven Years' War
|
|
This happened because of a rivalry between French and British
|
Seven Years' War
|
|
economic practices 17th century. prosperity of nation depended on supply of gold and silver=> favorable balance of trade.
|
Mercantilism
|
|
World’s greatest colonial power.
|
Britain
|
|
The British got these lands in the Seven Years' War
|
Acquired Canada, lands east of the Mississippi, Florida and India. Louisiana territory to the Spanish
|
|
Gov’t should set regulations to promote exports
|
Mercantilism
|
|
city where British General Cornwallis was forced to surrender to the French and American army and the French fleet under George Washington
|
Yorktown
|
|
The Declaration of Independence was approved by__________-
|
The Second Continental Congress
|
|
The Declaration of Independence was written by___________
|
Thomas Jefferson
|
|
Affirmed the Enlightenments natural rights: “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
|
The Declaration of Independence
|
|
This made the colonies independent states
|
The Declaration of Independence
|
|
This started the American Revolution
|
The Declaration of Independence
|
|
Frederick the Great
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
|
Knew Enlightenment ideas and had Voltaire live at his court
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
|
Enlarged army and kept watch over bureaucracy. Abolished torture except for treason and murder and granted limited freedom of speech, press and complete religious tolerance.
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
|
One of the most educated and cultured monarchs of 18th century.
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
|
King = first servant of state
|
Frederick II of Prussia
|
|
Did everything to help reason. drastic reform program: no serfdom,
|
Joseph II of Austria
|
|
Abrogated the death penalty and established the principle of equality of all before the law.
|
Joseph II of Austria
|
|
Drastic religious reforms and complete toleration. alienated nobility (free serfs) and church (attacks on the basic establishment). successors undid many reforms
|
Joseph II of Austria
|
|
intelligent ruler, familiar with philosophes and favored enlightened reforms.
|
Catherine the Great
|
|
Invited Diderot to outline a political/financial reform but was skeptical.
|
Catherine the Great
|
|
Considered a new law—recognize legal equality for all, but did nothing
|
Catherine the Great
|
|
Knew that successors needed the support of the nobility so exempted them from taxes => bad conditions for peasants => rebellion led by Emelyan Pugachev spread across S Russia but didn’t last. captured, tortured, and executed=> greater measures against peasants.
|
Catherine the Great
|
|
Successor to Peter the Great. territory expansion
|
Catherine the Great
|
|
the French parliamentary body that met with Louis XVI when the gov’t was close to financial collapse.
|
the Estates-General
|
|
Representatives form the 3 orders of French society. The first estate (clergy) and the second estate (nobility) had about 300 representatives
|
the Estates-General
|
|
Worked with National Assembly to deal with the domestic French problems.
|
Committee of Public Safety
|
|
Revolutionary courts protected the Republic from its internal enemies(guillotine). Decided to make an example of the city of Lyons (defied authority of National Assembly)
|
Committee of Public Safety
|
|
Third estate angry at 1st estate wanting to vote by order (estate) so they created the “National Assembly” and drew up a constitution(first step in French revolution) and then proceed to grant more rights to lower class
|
the Estates-General
|
|
Thought the geocentric system didn’t go with observed motion of planets
|
Copernicus
|
|
Geocentric theory- universe = series of concentric shapes with motionless earth at center
|
Ptolemaic view of the universe
|
|
Composed of material substance the earth was constantly changing the crystalline spears(transparent substance) circular orbits
|
Ptolemaic view of the universe
|
|
Ten heavenly bodies: moon, Mercury, Venus, sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the fixed stars. 9th instructed to 8th of the fixed stars its daily motion. The 10th moved itself and led motion to other spears.
|
Ptolemaic view of the universe
|
|
Beyond was Empyrean Heaven—God and saved souls.
|
Ptolemaic view of the universe
|
|
His ideas threatened Scripture/ made heavens a world of matter instead of Spiritual place
|
Copernicus
|
|
Didn’t reject idea that heavenly spears move in circular orbits.
|
Copernicus
|
|
Developed the Heliocentric (motionless sun-centered) theory. Planets revolved around sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
|
Copernicus
|
|
Newton's First major work
|
Newton's Principia
|
|
Universe seen as 1 regulated machine—operates according to natural laws in absolute time, space and motion.
|
Newton's Principia
|
|
Demonstrated that 1 universal law explains all motion in universe and it governed politics, economics, justice, and religion.
|
Newton's Principia
|
|
Defined 1st 3 laws of motion that govern planets & objects on earth. Universal law of gravitation explained why planets don’t go in lines but elliptical orbits around sun. Gravity attracts all objects in universe. Newton’s world-machine:
|
Newton's Principia
|
|
Dominated until Einstein’s concept of relativity
|
Newton's Principia
|
|
Force for political and social change in 1700s
|
the Enlightenment
|
|
Movement those who were impressed w/ accomplishments of Scientific Revolution
|
the Enlightenment
|
|
People free of tradition (especially religious) and had rational outlook.
|
the Enlightenment
|
|
Inspired by Newton and Locke.
|
the Enlightenment
|
|
French term: the intellectuals of Enlightenment
|
Philosophes
|
|
literary people, professors, journalists, economists, political scientists, and Social Reformers. nobility and middle class and some lower-middle class.
|
Philosophes
|
|
Wanted to change world with reason and rational criticism which applied to everything including religion and politics.
|
Philosophes
|
|
Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot.
|
Philosophes
|
|
The Spirit of the Laws compared gov’ts, applied scientific method to establish natural laws governing social & political relationships
|
Montesquieu
|
|
3 kinds of gov’t: republic, monarchy (England), and despotism.
|
Montesquieu
|
|
His ideas were in the U.S. Constitution
|
Montesquieu
|
|
His ideas stated that the government should have three basic functions: protect society from invasion (army), defend citizens from injustice (police), and keep up certain pubic works, such as roads and canals that private individuals could not afford
|
Adam Smith
|
|
one of the founders of modern economics
|
Adam Smith
|
|
Idea from Adam Smith that the government should leave the economy alone and have no regulations.
|
laissez-faire
|
|
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
|
John Locke
|
|
people were born with a tabula rasa (blank mind). Molded by environment (perception)
|
John Locke
|
|
new society by changing environment and having proper influences
|
John Locke
|