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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zoo Architectural History |
• Pre-modern- Before 1750 • Modern- 1750-1950 • Present- 1950- present |
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Animals as religious symbols |
• Many thousands of years ago Egyptian priests kept menageries at their temples - They kept cats, dogs, baboons, ibises, lions etc - They mummified crocodiles First menagerie: animal sacrifices/burials 3500 BC |
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China: Spiritual Symbols |
• In the 12th century BC the Chinese Emperor Wen-Wing built a 600 hectare ‘Ling-Yu’ or ‘Garden of Intelligence’ to house his animal collection |
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Greeks: Studying animals |
• By the 4th century BC most of the city states of Greece has their own animal collections • Aristotle wrote a book called ‘History of Animals’ - This describes many species that were not native to Greece, so he must have visited many collections |
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Animals as a symbol of power |
• Alexander the Great sent many species back from Greece from his campaigns 350 BC • Henry l (1068-1135) started a menagerie at Woodstock in Oxfordshire • The collection was eventually moved to the Tower of London 1255 |
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Dominating animals (power) |
• In Europe, the oldest facility for holding captive animals is the bear pit in Bern, Switzerland • First records of bears in the city is 1441 |
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Animals as Power/Religious symbol |
• The Euler of Aztecs, Montezuma, kept a menagerie in his place at Tenochtitlán in Mexico • The Spanish conqueror Hernando Cortés reached it in 1519- it had 600 keepers |
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Royal Collections (Gifts) |
• Louis XIV built a menagerie in the grounds of the Palace of Versailles • It received its first animal in 1665 • It was open to the public for some time- they did so much damage that access has to be restricted |
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End of Royal Collections |
• The menagerie fell into disrepair and closed in 1972 • The remaining animals were offered to the former Jardin du Roi in Paris • This was later renamed the Jardin des Plantes |
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First Zoo |
• Oldest known Zoo- Schonbrunn, Vienna, Austria • Built In 1752 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, for his wife • Open to public in 1779- initially free entry |
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First Modern/Scientific Zoo |
• Oldest privately owned zoo - Zoological Society of London founded in 1826 • Animals were kept on 2 sites- Regent’s Park and Whipsnade (opened 1931) • Opened for scientists (1828) not to the public • Opened to the public in 1847 |
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Carl Hagenbeck |
• Carl Hagenbeck was a German animal trainer and dealer (collector) • Supplied zoos and circuses in the second half of the 19th century • He took his travelling exhibition to Berlin Zoo • On 6th October 1878 this was visited by 62,000 people |
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New concept of Animal keeping |
• Hagenbeck built a zoo in Hamburg in 1900 • He used revolutionary designs that included moats and hedges instead of bars • Panorama Exhibits- His clever design made separate enclosures look as if they were connected |
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Showman Zoos |
His exhibits included: • People- Nubians from Sudan, Laplanders, Eskimos and Buddhist priests • Camels, Elephants, Giraffes and Rhinos |
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Chester Zoo |
• In 1931 George Mottershead opened Chester Zoo • He used many of Hagenbeck’s ideas • Created enclosures where animals were separated from the public by moats and ditches rather than bars |
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Safari Parks |
• Africa USA (1953-61) was the first drive through Safari-style Park in America- Florida • Visitors explores the park in a jeep safari train pulling open carriages and in a boat • The landscape included artificial lakes and canals, a (‘Zambezi’) waterfall, a geyser and an African village |
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Safari Park Era Uk |
Jimmy Chipperfield (a circus owner) was largely responsible for the concept of safari parks in the Uk • Longleat Safari Park (1966) was the first • Woburn Safari Park (1970) • Blair Drummond Safari Park, in Scotland, (1970) • Knowsley Safari (1971) • West Midlands Safari and Leisure Park (1973) • Windsor Safari Park (1969, closed 1992) • Port Lympne Reserve (2017 formerly a zoo) |
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Specialisation of Safari Parks |
• The Highlands Wildlife Park - Specialises In keeping past and present Scottish wildlife • It was opened in 1972 and has been run by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland since 1986 • The Safari Park conceit was popular in the decade between 1966 and 1975 • Many other parks opened in Europe and North America |
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Zoos closing down |
• Many large cities in Britain used to have zoos - Blackpool Tower Aquarium and Zoo (closed 1969) - Belle Vue Zoo, Manchester (1836-1977)- was Britain’s 3rd oldest zoo - Glasgow Zoo- 1990’s - Southport Zoo- 2004 |
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Aquariums |
• Aquariums are known from Roman tunes • The worlds first public aquarium was built at London Zoo 1853 • ‘The Fish House’ contained over 309 different types of fish and marine invertebrates • The current aquarium was built in 1921 |
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Oceanarium |
• The worlds first oceanarium was built at Marineland in Florida and opened in 1938 • The tanks were seascaped and contained coral reefs and a ship-wreck |
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Oceanarium |
• The worlds first oceanarium was built at Marineland in Florida and opened in 1938 • The tanks were seascaped and contained coral reefs and a ship-wreck |
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Modern Aquariums |
• A number of large new aquariums have been open in Britain in recent years including: - ‘Deep sea world’ in Fife, Scotland (1983) - The ‘Blue Planet’ at Ellesmere Port in Cheshire (1998) - And ‘The Deep’ in Hull (2002) |
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Scientific Aquarium |
• The National Marine Aquarium is in Plymouth • It is Britain’s largest and Europe’s deepest aquarium • It is the first in the UK to be set up solely for the purpose of education, conservation and research |
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New developments |
• In Scotland, Paul Lister wants to introduce lost species back onto his estate at Alladale, near Inverness • These will include wild boar, moose, beaver, brown bear, grey wolf and lynx • Initially boar and moose are being released into experimental fenced areas |
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Is it a Zoo? |
• If they are kept within a fence and the public had access, this will be a zoo and require a zoo licence • If the fences are taken down, the animals will have been reintroduced and this will require a government licence • Ramblers objections of access to land restrictions |
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Is it a Zoo? |
• If they are kept within a fence and the public had access, this will be a zoo and require a zoo licence • If the fences are taken down, the animals will have been reintroduced and this will require a government licence • Ramblers objections of access to land restrictions |
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Zoos and wildlife |
• The Scottish Government in 2016 issued a licence to a group including the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (Edinburgh Zoo) to release beavers into the wild in Scotland • Beavers as of 2019 are a protected wild species in Scotland |
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Unzoo |
Back (Definition) |
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Zoos: Past and new trends |
• Zoos have evolved from: - Private Menageries > Public zoos > Modern conservation parks • In the UK there has been an increase in the number of small zoos in recent years • Farmers are Supplementing their incomes by opening their farms to the public exhibiting exotic species |