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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which American archaeologist uncovered the fabled lost city of the Incas? What was the name of this city? Where did he/she uncover it?
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Hiram Bingham; Machu Picchu; Peruvian Andes
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What is the vast portion of Africa south of the Sahara known as?
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SubSaharan Africa
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At what locations does the plateau rise more gently?
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Liberia, Ghana, and the ivory Coast in Mozambique
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Which African rivers are examples of rivers that are navigable only for relatively short distances?
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Niger, Zaire (Congo), and the Zambezi
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What desert is to the south of Africa? North?
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Sahara; Kalahari
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How much rain do the African tropical rain forests receive each year?
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100 inches
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What is a thick growth of plants found in a tropical rain forest wherever sunlight penetrates the dense umbrella of tall trees and reachest the forest floor?
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a jungle
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Which diseases are in the rain forests? What type of fly carries diseases?
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malaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness; tsetse fly
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Which two mountains jut thousands of feet above the plateau in eastern Africa?
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Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro
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How many basins dent the plateau? How wide and deep are they?
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5; 600 miles wide, 5,000 feet deep
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Which geographic feature of SubSaharan Africa was formed thousands of years ago when a part of the plateau sank and now contains many long, narrow lakes?
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the Great Rift Valley
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What do you call a vast area of relatively dry grassland?
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savannas
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What is the name of the savanna immediately south of the Sahara that has unpredictable rainfall that often results in severe droughts?
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the Sahel
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What do you call scholars who study languages?
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linguists
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What is the term for the technique in which linguists use computers and mathematics to compare the roots of words and common vocabulary?
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lexicostatistics
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What is the name for the family of closely related languages spoken in many parts of Africa?
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Bantu
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Where is the origin of the Bantu language?
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the southeastern region of what is today Nigeria
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How long ago did Bantu-speaking people began to migrate southward? To which modern countries did they migrate to?
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2,000 years ago; Cameroon and gabon
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What is the term for poems, songs, or stories passed by word of mouth from one generation to another?
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oral traditions
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Which language is spoken on the island of Madagascar?
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the Malagasy language
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What is the name for societies in which people trace their ancestors through their mothers rather than their fathers?
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matrilineal societies
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In a matrilineal society, from who did a boy inherit from rather than his father?
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his mothers brother
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What area lies along the Nile River?
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Nubia
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Which powerful kingdom began in Nubia?
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Cush
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Whcih trading center of southern Nubia does Cush trace its roots to?
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Kerma
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What was the capital of Cush?
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Napata
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Which people invaded Cush?
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the Assyrians
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What became the Cush capital after the Assyrians plundered Napata? How was this city important?
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Meroe; it was one of the earliest centers of iron working in Africa
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Which rival state ended the Cush civilization?
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Axum
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Which ruler of Axum defeated Cush and established a thriving throne?
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King Ezana
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Which religion did King Ezana convert to?
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Christianity
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Which winds provided a reliable means of travel?
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seasonal monsoons
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Which unique African culture developed on the East African coast?
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Swahili
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Which Bantu language has Arabic and Persian influences?
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Swahili
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Which early city-states lie on Northern Africa?
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Mogadishu, Lamu, Pate, and Malindi
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Which northern city-state was the leading port alng the African coast and the most famous city-state?
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Kilwa
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Which famous Muslim traveler described Kilwa as one of the most beautiful and well-constructed towns in the world?
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Ibn Battuta
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Which people who immigrated onto the plateau land of what is today Zimbabwe, achieved control over the mining of gold and its shipment to the coast?
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Karanga
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How many mine shafts were located, indicating the mining activities of the Karanga?
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7,000
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What was the largest and most famous of the Karanga people's fortresses?
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Great Zimbabwe
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How many large granite blocks were the thick walls of Great Zimbabwe made of?
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900,000
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What probably caused the decline of Great Zimbabwe?
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the increase of people that couldn't be fed
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Which important African kingdoms flourished in West Africa?
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Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
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Which Muslim historian wrote about trial by wood?
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Al-Bakri
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Which kingdom traced it's origin to which trading village situated in the southeastern part of modern what?
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Ghana; Kumbi Saleh; Mauritania
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Which people ended the kingdom of Ghana?
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Berber tribes
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Which kingdom followed the fall of Ghana?
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Mali
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Under which ruler did Mali reach its peak?
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Mansa Musa
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How many pilgrims and slaves came with Mansa Musa on a pilgrimage to Mecca? What did they bring with them?
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60,000 pilgrims including 500 slaves; each slave carried a 4-pound bar of gold
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What happened to the value of gold after Mansu Musa's visit to Mecca?
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it floor rocketed
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What was Mali's capital?
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Tombouctou
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Which ruler of the region that broke away from Mali captured Tombouctou?
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Sunni Ali
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Which kingdom did Sunni Ali bring rise to?
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Songhai
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What city was the kingdom of Songhai centered on?
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Gao
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Which people ended the Songhai kingdom?
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the Moroccans
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Which people in Mexico left giant stone heads and many objects made of jade?
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the Olmecs
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How much did each Olmec stone head weigh?
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16-18 tons
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The Olmecs worshiped a god represented by the image of a what?
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jaguar
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What culture developed at about the same time as the Olmecs, also worshipped the jaguar, and was located on the highlands of Peru?
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Chavin
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What ended the Chavin and Olmec cultures?
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they mysteriously disappeared
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Which was probably the most advanced culture of the Americans, who occupied most of what today are the natinos of Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize?
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the Maya
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What did the Maya build?
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many steep pyramids
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Which Mayan city had a huge pyramid? How tall was this pyramid and what was the area of its base?
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the city of El Mirador; 18 stories tall, base about the size of three football fields
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What ended the Mayan civilization?
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a mysterious catastrophe that caused the population to decline sharply
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What are some possible catastrophes that ended the Mayan civilization?
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worn out soil, foreign invasion, peasant revolt
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Which people invaded central Mexico from the south?
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the Toltecs
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What was the capital of the Toltecs?
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Tula
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How far down did the Toltecs spread their influence?
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down to the Yucatan Peninsula
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Which chief Mayan city was affected by the Toltec?
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Chichen Itza
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Who was the Toltec god?
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Quetzalcoatl
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What was Quetzalcoatl?
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a feathered serpent
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WHich group emerged out of the struggle for central Mexico?
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the Aztecs
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What kind of people were the Aztecs?
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warriors, hunters and gatherers
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What sign were the Aztecs told to look for in order to know where to settle?
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a eagle sitting on a cactus and devouring a serpent
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Where did the Aztecs finally see their sign?
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Lake Texcoco
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What city did the Aztec people build in Lake Texcoco, where they saw their sign?
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the city of Tenochtitlan
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How many people did Tenochtitlan have at its height?
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100,000
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What is the term for artificial islands on which people farm on, used by the Aztecs?
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chinampas
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How many captives were sacrificed by the Aztecs on their pyramid altars at the height of their power?
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20,000
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Why did the Aztec civilization end?
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surrounding people who paid tribute revolted, and foreign conquest
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Which foreign conquers ended the Aztec civilization?
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Spanish explorers
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Which civilization was built at the same time as the Aztec civilization, only in the Andes Mountains of South America?
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the Incas
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What does "incas" mean?
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"children of the sun"
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What was the Incan capital? What was it known as?
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Cuzco; "City of the Sun"
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What is the name for the pack animals that carried goods in the Incan civilization?
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llamas
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What is the Incan language?
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Quechua
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What is the term for a kind of knotted string used to assist the memory, used by the Incans?
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quipu
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What ended the Incan civilization?
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the Spaniards (just as they did to the Aztecs)
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Which river in Florence overflowed, endangering the city with the world's greatest store of Renaissance art and literature?
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the Arno River
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How many people lived in Florence?
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150,000
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What is the term for a philosophical and artistic movement? What is the term for the period in which philosophy and art flourished?
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Renaissance, Renaissance
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What were the most important cities of the Renaissance?
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Florence, Rome, Venice, Milan, and Naples
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Which family in Florence grew wealthy first as bankers and then as rulers of the city-state?
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the Medici family
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Which member of the Medici family became a great patron of the arts and wanted to make Florence the most glorious city in Europe? What was he known as?
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Lorenzo Medici; "the Magnificent"
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What are grammar, rhetoric, history, and poetry called?
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the humanities
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What were the people who specialized in the humanities called?
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humanists
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What did humanists belive?
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people should know how things worked, education is important, people who live by contemplating things all the time don't always lead a meaningful life, people should become activly involved in practical affairs, existence was not only a preperation for life after death, but also a joy in itself, men and women were intelligent beings who could make their own decisions, and a person could be a poet, musician, scientist, and painter at the same time
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Which person was among the first humanists and became famous as a scholar and a teacher?
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Florentine Francesco Petrarch
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Who did Petrarch address his sonnets to?
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Laura, the imaginary ideal woman
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What is the term for the study of the writings of the ancients, particularly the Romans?
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classical education
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Who wrote the famous essay that describes government not in terms of lofty ideals but as the author felt government actually worked? What was this essay called?
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Niccolo Machiavelli; The Prince
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According to The Prince, what should rulers consider more important: safety or honesty?
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safety
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Which word describes people who use deceit and who have little regard for morality in their effort to get what they want?
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Machiavellian
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What was the difference between Medieval and Renaissance paintings?
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Renaissance paintings were more realistic
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What technique did Renaissance painters use to make distant objects smaller than those in the foreground, and by arranging the objects in certain ways, an artist could creat the illusino of depth on flat canvas?
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perspective
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Which two painters pioneered the emphasis on realism?
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Giotto and Masaccio
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According to legend, what did Giotto's painting cause a spectator to do?
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a fly in the painting looked so real, a spectator tried to brush it off
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Which artist painted light and shadows to give the effect of depth in objects?
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Masaccio
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What was the period of the Renaissance in which Italian painters displayed genius called?
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the High Renaissance
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Who was an artist, musician, architect, mathematician, and scientist?
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Leonardo da Vinci
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What are two of Leonardo de Vinci's most famous paintings?
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The Last Supper, Mona Lisa
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Which artist drew paintings on the ceiling of which Chapel?
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Michelangelo Buonarroti; the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican
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Who did Michelangelo do sculptures of?
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David and Moses
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What did Michelangelo help design?
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St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
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Which painter was highered by the pope to help beautify the Vatican?
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Raphael
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What painting did Raphael paint that depicts the great philosophers of classical Greece?
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The School of Athens
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Who did many of Raphael's paintings have representations of? What were these called?
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the Virgin Mary; madonnas
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Which painter spent most of his life in his native Venice?
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Titian
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Which painting of Titian portrayed a vivid sense of drama and is ntoed for its rich colors?
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The Assumption of the Virgin
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Who is believed to be the first European to use the movable type to print books?
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Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany
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Which Dutch scholar was the greatest humanist of northern Europe?
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Desiderius Erasmus
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What was Erasmus's most famous book that ridiculed ignorance, superstition, and vice among the clergy and ordinary Christians?
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In Praise of Folly
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Who was Erasmus's friend who was a English humanist who took views similar to those of Erasmus?
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Thomas More
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Which book did More publish that criticized the society of his day by describing an imaginary ideal society?
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Utopia
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What word means "an ideal place or society"?
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utopia
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Which playwright bvuilt masterpieces of poetic drama?
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william Shakespeare
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Which brothers who lived in Flanders paid great attention to detail in paintings? Name a painting that they paid attention to the details of.
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Hubert and Jan van Eyck; The Adoration of the Lamb, the altar piece of the cathedral at Ghent
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Which great Flemish artist loved the countryside and the peasants of his native Flanders, and painted lively scenes of village festivals and dances?
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Pieter Brueghel the Elder
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Which German artist was famous for his copper engravings and woodcuts and who became one of the first to see the possibilities of printed illustations in books?
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Albrecht Durer
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Which artist did most of his work in other countries and traveled throughout Europe to paint portraits of famous people?
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Hans Holbien the Younger
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