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99 Cards in this Set
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Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to the plantations
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Black Codes, under President Johnson
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Provided emergency aid to ex-slaves during the transition from war to peace
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Freedman's Bureau
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Under which republican senator's leadersip was the Freedman's Bureau extended and fully funded?
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Trumbull
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Amendment which declared that all persons born in the US were citizens, were protected over life, liberty, and property unless with regards to the law
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14th Amendment
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T or F: Rejection of the 14th Amendment served as a political maneuver for Johnson in the 1866 election. (campaign for democratic party)
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True
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Johnson's campaign against the 14th Amendment was supported by the Democratic or Republican party?
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Democratic
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What was the tactic used by the Republican party in Johnson's campaign against the 14th amendment
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"Waving the bloody shirt"
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T or F: The 13th Amendment prohibited slavery
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true
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T or F: The democratic party won the 1866 election holding onto Johnson's campaign against the 14th amendment.
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False, Republicans won undoing Johnson's reconstruction
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T or F: The Civil Rights Bill was ratified during Radical Reconstruction
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False, failed. 13,14, 15 amendments were passed
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an ancient scots-irish term for worthless animals; what southern white republicans were called by democratic ex-confederates
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scalawags
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self-seeking interlopers who carried all their property in cheap suitcases; term for the whites from the north
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carpetbaggers
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which amendment forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
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15th Amendment
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Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton all became a part of what?
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American Woman Suffrage Association
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What group was established at the same time blacks were given the right to vote and which party was allies with them?
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American Woman Suffrage Association; Republicans
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the labor system by which freedmen agreed to exchange a portion of their harvested crops with the landowner for use of the land, a house, and tools
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sharecropping
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a compromise b/t freedmen and white landowners
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sharecropping
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a terrorist organization in the south; murdered Republican politicians, burned black schools, caused Democrats to seize power
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Ku Klux Klan
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Who was the main force behind the KKK?
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Nathan Bedford Forrest
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What is considered THE WEST
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Left to the 98th Meridian (North Dakota through the lowest part of texas)
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Before cattle raising began, what had to be done?
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Extinction of buffalo
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The hiring of cowboys to herd the longhorn cattle hundreds of miles north to the railroads that were pushing west across kansas
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the famous Long Drive
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what was a makeshift method of bridging a gap in the developing transportation system in the American West
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Long Drive, cattle herding
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Offered 160 acres of public land to all comers due to the desert like climate the great plains offered
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Homestead Act of 1863
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Popular buffalo hunter for the railroads, worked for pony express
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Buffalo Bill Cody
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participants in the exodus to the dry prarie, Kansas, the promised land of racial freedom, migration of 6000 blacks from MI and LA
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Exodusters
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Battle of the Greasy Grass and Custer's Last Stand is also known as ?
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The Battle of Little Big Horn
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Battle led by Custer and the Seventh Cavalry on the Sioux Reservation in failed efforts to move the indians back the reservations
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Little Big Horn
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Act that authorized the president to carve up tribal lands which each family head recieving and allotment of 160 acres and individuals recieving smaller parcels. The land would be held by the govt for 25 years and the Indians would become US citizens
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Dawes Act of 1887
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T or F: People came to California in hopes of finding gold, with San Francisco as the hub of the mining empire that stretched to the Rockies
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True
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Which type of people migrated from Illinois and traveled across to Salt Lake City (Deseret) term hiving out was used
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Mormons
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Building of the Central Pacific Railroad was done by? From where to where?
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Chinese immigrants, Sacramento to the Sierra Nevada
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Production of wheat in CA turned into the production of?
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Fruits and Vegetables
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T or F: First to arrive in CA were the Japanese Immigrants, then eventually Mexican immigrants
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True
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who was president when the Great Strike began
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Rutherford B Hayes
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What deal put an official end to reconstruction?
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The Compromise of 1877
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When did the great strike start
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July 16th, 1877
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Which railroad line started the great strike?
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B & O
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a furnace that refined raw pig iron into steel, a metal harder and more durable than iron
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the Bessemer converter, exploited by Andrew Carnegie
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a legal form of organization that enabled private capital to be raised in huge amounts
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the corporation
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T or F: a corporation could not borrow money
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False, they could by issuing bonds
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what did Gustavus F Swift create
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a new kind of enterprise- VERTICALLY INTEGRATED FIRM
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type of enterprise that is capable of handling within its own structure all the functions of an industry
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vertically integrated firm
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one owner, several different products contrasted to where one product is sold in many different markets
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Vertically integrated contrasted to horizontally integrated
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Oil industry is an example of?
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Vertically integrated firms
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Women worked what 3 types of jobs usually?
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domestic servants, white-collar jobs like nursing/teaching, and in textile/garment factories and mills
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T or F: Sex-typing came to define how jobs were determined
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True
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scientific management was developed by whom?
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Fredrick Taylor
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a system of organizing work designed to get the maximum output from the individual worker and reduce the cost of production
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scientific management
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what were the 2 reforms Taylor suggested
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1. Eliminate the brain work from manual labor
2. Deprive workers of authority |
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a secret society of garment workers in Philadelphia, became a national movement
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Knights of Labor
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Who was Terence Powderly?
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Leader of the knights of labor
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radical German theorist who wanted to bring about a classless society
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Karl Marx
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the wobblies, with the joining of WFM (miners) and socialists to create a new movement
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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When a severe depression hit and railroad building ground to a halt, hundreds of workers lost their jobs, social order began to shake
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Panic of 1873
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a well known and trusted catalogue retailer based in chicago, IL, first mailorder business to guarantee satisfaction
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Montgomery Ward
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case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the power of government to regulate private industries, had to do with the setting of maximum rates that private companies could charge for the storage and transport of agricultural products.
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Munn v Illinois
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structures housing 20 or more families in cramped airless apartments (in New York City)
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tenements
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One of Fredrick Olmstead's projects which led to larger park systems, broad boulevards and parkways and later zoning laws and planned suburbs
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City Beautiful Movement (NYC)
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Compiled b McAllister which announced that it would serve as a record of society, compromising an accurate and careful list of all those deemed eligible for NY society
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Social Register
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a community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation. The earliest suburbs were served by horsecars, but by the late 1800s cable cars and electric streetcars, or trams, were used, allowing residences to be built further away from the urban core of a city. (BOSTON)
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streetcar suburbs
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Magazines that appeared in the 1880s, advice literature that instructed wives that in addition to their domestic duties, they were responsible for bringing sensibility, beauty and love the household
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Good Housekeeping, Ladies Home Journal
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19th century term for highly organized groups operating within and intending to control political parties; acted as a rough and ready social service agency, leader Robert Lafollatte
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political machines
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was focused on individual redemption. The idea that the resolution of secular problems would follow the conversion of people to Christ
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revivalism
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an era of materialism and cultural shallowness
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Gilded Age
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the redlight district running from 23rd St b/t 5 and 8th Av, site of prostitution, drugs, and gay subculture, "uptown slummers"
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The Tenderloin
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Who Was Andrew Carnegie, and what did contribute to public libraries?
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He announced in 1881 that whe would build a library in any town or city that was prepared to maintain it. 32.7 million dollars later, he built a thousand all over the country
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a con to sky-scrapers, meant that the historic heritage of the country was at risk
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sacred skyline
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3 main immigration cities:
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New York, Chicago, Philadelphia
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an informal practice by which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party
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spoils system, changed after President Garfield was shot
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tax on imported goods aimed to raise revenue for govt and protecting domestic products from foreign competitition
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tariff
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The belief that the less the govt involvement, the better
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laissez-faire
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encouraged the notion that societies progress as a result of competition and the survival of the fittest, founded by Herbert Spencer
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Social Darwinism
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republicans mainly from NY and MA, referred to pompous or self-important persons, defined terms of political debate
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Mugwumps
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view that men and women had different gender defined characteristics and that the sexes inhabited and should inhabit different social worlds
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Separate Spheres (Men-politics and economics) (Women-home and family)
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founded populist party, from georgia, huge liberal
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Tom Watson
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laws that mapped out all of the precidents for legal separation between blacks and whites for every type of public facility
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Jim Crow laws
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Silver was demonetized, contributed to depression
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Crime of '73
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case dealing with taxation of railroad properties; U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the state tax assessor, not the county assessor, had the right to determine the taxable value of fenceposts along the railroad's right-of-way.
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Santa Clara County v Southern Pacific Railroad
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progressive leader who took up settlement house work believing that by uplifting the poor she would be uplifted, she experienced the joy of finding Christ
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Jane Addams
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Journalists who exposed the underside of American life such as the corruption of big businesses and the govt, term comes from John's Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progressq
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muckrakers
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idea that women should be equal to men in all areas of life, sought to overcome all barriers to equality and full personal development
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feminism
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Booker T Washingon's stance "accommodationist" in the sense that it gave up on political protest and avoided a direct assault on white supremacy.. had to do with the desegration of whites and how important they were in the workforce
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The Atlanta Compromise
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NAACP journal edited by Du Bois, the became a platform to demand equal rights
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The Crisis
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court orders prohibiting unions from carrying on strikes or boycotts
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injunctions
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first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts; also involved interstate commerce
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Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
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Type of political style that dramatized issues, mobilized public opinion and asserted leadership; used when companies abused their corporate power
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Square Deal
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What president used the tactic of square deal
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Teddy Roosevelt
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a new union of railroad workers led by Eurgene V Debs who organized all railroad workers not along craft lines
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American Railroad Union
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Came from Britain, served as minister to the US
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Sir Lionel Sackville-West
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the notion of a community of states of the western hemisphere; movement toward commercial, social, economic, military, and political cooperation among the nations of North, Central, and South America.
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Pan-Americanism
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the theory that the english speaking peoples were racially superior and for that reason justified in colonizing and dominating the peoples of less developed areas of the world
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Anglo-Saxonism
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which state had crucial strategic value, halfway station on the way to the philipines
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Hawaii
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formed to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines, citing a variety of reasons ranging from the economic to the legal to the racial to the moral. It included among its members such notables as Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James, David Starr Jordan, and Samuel Gompers
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Anti-imperialist leagues
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a provision in cuba's constitution which gave the US the right to intervene if Cuban independence was threatened or if internal order broke down
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Platt Amendment
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agreement b/t Elbert H Gary and Roosevelt that said the company would open its books to the Bureau of Corporations, and if it found evidence of wrongdoing, the company would be warned and allowed to set things right
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Gentlemen's Agreement
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efforts of the United States — particularly under President William Howard Taft — to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries
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Dollar Diplomacy
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a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. It was originally published in the popular magazine McClure's; was written in regard to the U.S. conquest of the Philippines and other former Spanish colonies.
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The White Man's Burden
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a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and wanted agrarian reform. Though he was a killer, a bandit, and a revolutionary leader, many remember him as a folk hero.
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Pancho Villa
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