Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Columbian Exchange
|
widespread exchange of goods (incl. slaves), agriculture, disease, plants/animals, and idea between old and new worlds
|
|
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate; seized power in 1600 w/ total victory at Battle of Sekigahara; named Shogun 1603, abdicated in 1605, but remained in power until death in 1616
|
|
Hernán Cortés
|
Spanish conquistador; led expedition of the Yucatan Peninsula and conquering the Aztec Empire; beginning of Spanish colonization of Americas
|
|
Chinggis Khan
|
founder, ruler, and emperor of the Mongol Empire; conquered most of Eurasia, killing nearly whole village populations; created vassal states; unified nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia
|
|
Niccollo Machiavelli
|
a main founder of modern political science; Florentine Republic
|
|
Karl Marx
|
German philosopher; socio-political theory called Marxism; creating a society ruled by the working class
|
|
Meiji Restoration
|
series of events that ended the Tokugawa Shogunate reign of over 250 years; began w/ Commodore Perry sailing into Edo Bay
|
|
Martin Luther
|
German priest and professor of theology; leader of the Protestant Reformation
|
|
Montezuma
|
9th ruler of the Aztec Empire; empire reached its peak during his rule; killed by Cortés after failure to escape Tenochtitlan during Spanish conquest
|
|
Versailles
|
the unofficial capital of the Kingdom of France until 1789; moved by Louis XIV in 1682; Treaty of Paris signed here, ending American Revolutionary war
|
|
Suleiman the Magnificent
|
longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520-66); personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary; Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
|
|
Zheng He
|
Chinese explorer and fleet admiral; commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa trading along the way; fleet size unprecedented
|
|
The Protestant Reformation
|
European Christian reform movement; led by Martin Luther, John Calvin (and others); established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity; began on 31 October 1517, in Wittenberg, Saxony, where Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences to the door of the Castle Church, in Wittenberg
|
|
Tokugawa Shogunate
|
Feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family; lasted from 1600-1868; ended by Meiji Restoration
|
|
Isaac Newton
|
one of the most influencial people in fields of science and math; built first practical reflecting telescope; developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum
|
|
Francis Bacon
|
English philosopher, father of the scientific method; served as both Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England
|
|
East India Company
|
Joint-stock trading company intially founded for trade w/ East Indies; mostly traded with China and Indian subcontinent;
|
|
Berlin Conference
|
US (did not actually participate) and 14 European states, w/ no representation of African countries; regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period
|
|
Otto Von Bismark
|
German statesman; Prime Minister of Prussia (1862-90), 1st Chancellor of German Empire, led the unification of Germany
|
|
Jean Jacques Rousseau
|
Genevan philosopher; political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the American Revolution; wrote "The Social Contract", which outlines the basis for a legitimate political order within a framework of classical republicanism
|
|
Opium War
|
Climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire; China restricted foreign trade with Canton System to one port, UK/US merchants bring opium from Bengal and sell to Chinese drug smugglers
|
|
Denis Diderot
|
Prominent figure during the Enlightenment; co-founder and chief editor of and contributor to the Encyclopédie
|
|
Social Darwinism
|
"Survival of the Fittest"; connected to the ideas of the progressive era, in which many promoted eugenics or scientific racism or imperialism, or a struggle between national or racial groups
|
|
Simon Bolivar
|
Venezuelan military and political leader; played a key role in Hispanic America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire; participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Latin America (Gran Colombia); he led Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela to independence
|
|
Frederick the Great
|
Modernized the Prussian bureaucracy and civil service and promoted religious tolerance throughout his realm; goal was to modernize and unite his vulnerably disconnected lands; joined the Freemasons in 1738
|
|
The Silk Road
|
an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world
|
|
Janissaries
|
Infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguards; gathered through the devşirme system (recruiting of non-Turkish children, notably Balkan Christians)
|
|
Montesquieu
|
French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment; articulated the theory of separation of powers
|
|
Haitian Revolution
|
Period of brutal conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, leading to the elimination of slavery and the establishment of Haiti as the first republic ruled by people of African ancestry; defining moment in history for Africans; Mulatto descendants became the elite in Haiti after the revolution; was forced to make massive reparations to French slaveholders in order to receive French recognition
|
|
Akbar
|
third Mughal Emperor; At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India;
|
|
The Sepoy "Mutiny"
|
An accumulation of several events, over time, resulting in its eventual outbreak; controversy over the ammunition for new Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle was final spark --> sepoys had to bite the cartridge open, were greased with lard (pork fat) which was regarded as unclean by Muslims, or tallow (beef fat), regarded as anathema to Hindus
|
|
Theodor Herzl
|
father of modern political Zionism
|
|
Humanism
|
was a response to the challenge of Mediæval scholastic education, emphasising practical, pre-professional and -scientific studies; main centers of humanism were Florence and Naples; Humanist education was based on the study of five humanities: poetry, grammar, history, moral philosophy and rhetoric
|
|
Maximilian Robespierre
|
one of the most influential figures in French Revolution; influenced by 18th century Enlightenment philosophes such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu
|
|
John Calvin
|
influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation
|
|
"The Wealth of Nations"
|
magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith; a reflection on economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and argues that free market economies are more productive and beneficial to their societies; considered to be the foundation of modern economic theory
|
|
Renaissance
|
cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe; bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era; started in Florence, Tuscany in the 14th century
|
|
Thomas Paine
|
author of "Common Sense", advocating colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain; one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
|
|
Shah Ismail
|
Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid Empire, which survived until 1736; started his campaign in Azerbaijan in 1502 as the leader of an extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i militant religious order, and unified all of Iran by 1509
|
|
Louis XIV
|
King of France; one of the longest documented reigns of any European monarch (72yrs 110 days); sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France
|
|
Frederick Engels
|
German entrepreneur, and father of communist theory, alongside Karl Marx; in 1848 he produced with Marx "The Communist Manifesto"
|
|
Descartes
|
has been dubbed the "Father of Modern Philosophy"; credited as the father of analytical geometry; one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution
|
|
World Civilizations vs. World History
|
history deals with "whole picture", such as the country's government, economy, etc., and civilizations looks more in-depth at the social/cultural/religious aspects, and how populations migrated/immigrated
|
|
Toussaint L'Ouverture
|
leader of the Haitian Revolution; noted for his military genius and political acumen; he worked to improve the economy and security of Saint Domingue
|
|
The Glorious Revolution
|
the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians; permanently ended any chance of Catholicism becoming re-established in England
|
|
Voltaire
|
French Enlightenment writer and philosopher famous for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade
|
|
Napoleon Bonaparte
|
military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution; engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power
|
|
Triangular Trade
|
historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions; usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come
|
|
Utopian Socialism
|
distinguished from later socialist thought by being based on idealism instead of materialism; other branches overtook utopian socialism in terms of intellectual development and number of adherents
|
|
Adam Smith
|
Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy; key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment; author of "The Wealth of Nations"; widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism
|