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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Byzantine Empire
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-Post Classical (500-1500)
-Cosmopolitan Empire, centered around Constantinople -Good example, by contrast, of European pluralism, continued Roman Empire and transferred classical greek learning to Islamic World |
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Holy Roman Empire
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Constantinople
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The Crusades
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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Pluralism in Europe
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-Internally divided
-Religion and Politics -Political--Shaped Western European Civilization -Led to frequent wars and militarization -Stimulated Technological development Ex) Byzantine Empire |
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Roman Catholic Christianity
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Aristotle and European rational inquiry
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Feudal Lords and Serfdom
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-Hallmark of Europe
-Serf's on bottom -Very Low literacy rates -Post Classical Era -Serfs owed services and goods to lords -Social Hierarchies |
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Black Death / Plague
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Quran
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-Allahs revelations recorded
-believed to convey the presence of the divine |
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Jizya
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-Per capita tax cut put on an islamic states non-muslim citizens
-post classical era -Non-muslims paid special tax, but could practice their own religion |
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Umma
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-Community of Faith
-Anyone can become a part of if you follow the central tenants of islam |
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Sharia
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-Law for Islam
-One law -Answered the question of what it means to be a Muslim |
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Pillars of Islam
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-5 Pillars
-Each Muslim must fulfill -Pilgrimage to Mecca is said to be most important -Post Classical 1. there is no god but God, and Muhammad is his messenger 2. Pray 5 times a day (toward Mecca) 3. Fast during the month of Ramadan 4. Pay alms, particularly in care for the poor 5. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once |
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Antolia
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Mecca and Medina
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Mecca= holy city of Islam
-Site of revelation of Quran -Muslims have Pilgrimage here (hajj) -Became as important as a trade center Medina: -Muhammad was burried here -Early Muslim community (ummah) developed here -Post Classical Era |
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Madrassas
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-Formal colleges
-Taught religion, law and sometimes secular |
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Caliphs
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-Arab Empire
-leaders in Sunni Muslims -First four were companions of Muhammad |
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House of Wisdom
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-Early scientific centers of knowledge
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Sunni and Shia Islam
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Muhammad dies without successor:
-Split of Islam (schism) -Started as a political conflict then become religious -Sunni: Each umma follows own path. Caliphs were rightful political and military leaders, chosen by Islamic community -religious authority comes from the community -Shias: Leader should be blood relatives of Muhammad, descended from Ali and his son Husayn -Imams have the religious authority |
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Ibn Battuta
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-Traveled nearly 75,000 miles around the islamic world
-often criticized the quality of Muslim observance outside of core lands -Appalled by freedoms given to women in outlying lands -Found only China to be completely foreign -Found himself saying "wow, this is different" |
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European Renaissance
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-Rebirth
-Christopher Columbus -Europe looks for way into trading world |
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The Columbian Exchange
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Early Modern Era (1500-1750 CE)
-Biological exchange of plants, animals and diseases -North/South America and Europe -Transatlantic -Europeans benefit unequally -New world gets sick -One explanation to why Europe succeeded -"Great dying" Cheap Land and labor -One result --> Racial slavery |
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Zheng He
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Mercantilism
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Monopoly power
-Monarchies become investors in companies --> Royal Companies -Help Europeans organize -Theory that governments should encourage exports and accumulate bullion to serve their countries |
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Vasco da Gama
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Mestizo
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-Mixed-race population
-Became a majority of the Mexican population by the nineteenth century |
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Ming Dynasty China
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Mulatto
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The Early Modern Era
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(1500-1750CE)
Early Modern Globalization: ex) Silver Trade, Starts in Spanish America, "Diens" to China Ex) Fur to Europe |
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Plantation complex
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Indian Ocean Commercial Network
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The Silver Trade and the "Silver Drain"
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Trading Post Empires
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Potosi
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Spanish Philippines
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-Trading post empires
-Become spanish/catholic |
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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British / Dutch East India companies
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African Diaspora
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Ex) Atlantic Slave Trade
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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Early Modern Globalization
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Protestant Reformation
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Copernicus
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Catholic Counter-Reformation
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Newton
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Jesuits in China
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The European Enlightenment
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-Early Modern Era (Europe)
-Use science to reason through human problems -Some ideas are used in Declaration of Independence -Takes models that are testable and apply them to others (Scientific principles will eliminate human suffering) |
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Wahhabi Islam
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Voltaire
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The Scientific Revolution
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-Long Term Impacts
-Europe -Huge advantage to European success -Europe became good at borrowing skills and adding to them Ex) Aristotelian System, Copernican Heliocentrism -Calender = Religion and Science working together -Figure out a better way for politics (with logic) |
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Condorcet and the idea of progress
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"long nineteenth century" / modern era
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Haitian Revolution
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The problem of Eurocentrism
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Latin American Revolutions
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The Atlantic Revolutions
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Abolitionist movement
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North American Revolution
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Nationalism
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-Idea--Doesnt describe reality
-Fixed borders = stay there -More powerful governments -Far more competitive -- within Europe and global trade -more organized warfare -Currency -Nation-State: everyone in these borders are the same people --> Problem because that caused tension Ex) Can Jews be German? |
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French Revolution
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Modern Era (1750-1914CE)
-Led by enlightenment ideas -Wants to remake the society -Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen -Made by 3rd estate, help launch revolution -Kill off the Nobility -Army of Citizens represented one Nation |
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Declaration of the Rights of Women
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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Protestant reformation
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-Attempt to reform Catholic church
-Effects the World -Christian reformation follows -Schism -Religious Power further divides itself Ex) Lutheranism |