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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain paid lip service to disarmament but was not committed to naval disarmament |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain did little to stop Italian aggression in Abyssinia and wavered over sanctions. |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain’s priority was to avoid European conflicts and protect its empire. |
Success
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Following the Abyssinia invasion and the failure of the Stresa Front, Italy moved closer to Germany’s way of thinking. |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? British military and economic resources were too low to take action. |
Success
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain persuaded the French popular front government not to take action in Spain. |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? The Chiefs of Staff identified Hitler as the ultimate potential enemy in 1934 and suggested Britain avoid distractions. |
Success
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Government spending was focused on relieving effects of the economic depression. |
Success
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain actively undermined the legitimate government of Spain by banning arms sales to it. |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain did not act when Hitler rearmed in 1935, remilitarised the Rhineland or sent military help to the Nationalist rebels in the Spanish Civil War. |
Failure
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Inaction over Rhineland based on British view that Versailles had been too harsh. |
Success
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British foreign policy:
failure or success? Britain’s naval agreement with Germany was in part a reaction to France’s proposed alliance with Russia. |
Failure
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Hitler or Mussolini?
He promised to rebuild the glories of the Roman Empire. |
Mussolini
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Hitler or Mussolini?
He wanted to expand his country’s influence into Eastern Europe and Russia. |
Hitler
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Hitler or Mussolini?
He referred to the Mediterranean as mare nostrum – ‘Our sea’. |
Mussolini
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Hitler’s foreign policy
What three points of Hitler’s 25 point programme remained central to Nazi ideology? |
• Union of all Germany in a Greater Germany
• Destruction of Treaty of Versailles • Demand for land and territory to feed our people and to settle our surplus population (lebensraum – ‘living space’) |
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Hitler or Mussolini?
He said ‘I want to make Italy great, respected and feared.’ |
Mussolini
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Hitler’s foreign policy
In what book did Hitler make a link between his demand for ‘living space’ and the destruction of the Jews? |
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
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Hitler’s foreign policy
Besides the Jews, which group was Hitler determined to destroy? |
The Communist Party, particularly the USSR which he saw as the source of the international communist movement.
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Why was Hitler in trouble over Austria in 1934?
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• July 1934: Austrian Nazis had killed Chancellor Dolfuss.
• Mussolini moved troops to the Brenner frontier with Austria. • Hitler had to disassociate himself from the attempted coup. • |
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How did Hitler manipulate the Disarmament conference in 1933?
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• He said that Germany would give up aggressive weapons if other countries did also.
• If other countries were harsh on Germany then he would leave the conference and the League. • When Britain took a tough line, Hitler had his excuse and left both in October 1933. |
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What was the Saar plebiscite?
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• January 1935: the people of Saarland voted to rejoin Germany (91%).
• The Saar had been transferred to France in 1919 for 15 years. • Hitler tells Daily Mail: Germany will never of its own accord break the peace.’ |
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What resulted from Germany’s departure from the League of Nations?
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Jan. 1934: Poland and Germany sign 10-year non-aggression pact.
France sees this as weakening its alliance system with Eastern Europe (but its alliances had weakened the idea of collective security already) |
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How was the Saar connected to German rearmament?
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• 1 March 1935: Saar reunites with Germany
• That month Goering announces existence of air force (forbidden by Versailles), and Hitler announces enlarged army (36 divisions: only allowed ten), and says conscription would restart (also forbidden) |
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Which countries made up the Stresa Front in April 1935, and why?
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• Britain, France and Italy
• to confirm their commitment to the Locarno treaty • to support Austrian independence • to resist any future attempts by Hitler to change the Treaty of Versailles |
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How was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement perceived differently by France and Britain?
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• French thought Britain had no concern for international commitments
• British aim was to negotiate and thus guide German rearmament |
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What problems did the Stresa Front encounter?
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• France soon made a Mutual Assistance Pact with the USSR (alarming Br and Italy)
• Britain signed a naval agreement with Germany without consulting Fr or Italy • Italy invaded Abyssinia |
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What evidence suggests that Hitler had a master plan to conquer Europe?
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• 25 Point Programme
• Mein Kampf and the Zweites Buch • Hossbach Memorandum |
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What were the terms of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement?
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• Germany’s navy would be 35% the size of Britain’s
• Germany’s submarine fleet would equal Britain’s |
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What is the Hossbach Memorandum?
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• Minutes taken by Col. Hossbach at a meeting on 5 Nov. 1937.
• Hitler seems to set out an agenda for taking over Austria and CZ. Suggests a war into E. Eur. By 1943-5 • Kershaw: ‘The drift of Hitler’s thinking was plain.’ |