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193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Examples of polysaccharides |
Cellulose, starches, and glycogen |
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Glucose is a |
Monosaccharide |
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During oxidation, what happens to a chemical species? |
It loses electrons |
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A + B --> AB is a |
Synthesis reaction |
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A synthesis reaction is when |
Two different chemicals are combined into a product. |
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What atom property determined if a bond is polar or non-polar? |
Electrinegativity |
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An even sharing of electrons between atoms describes a |
Non-polar covalent bond |
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Electrons shared unevenly between atoms because one atom is more electronegative than the other describes a |
Polar covalent bond |
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Formula to get mole amount |
Molarity x volume = moles |
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What is an alloy? |
A mixture or a metal with another element |
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What happens when equilibrium is established? |
Reactants and products are being formed at an equal rate, so the reactants are creating the same number of products as the products are creating reactants. |
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What states of matter have a definite volume? |
Liquid and solid |
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How do you get the number of neutrons? |
Subtract protons from the atomic mass number |
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Periods in the periodic table are |
Horizontal (across) rows |
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Groups in the periodic table are |
Vertical (down) columns |
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What is a cation? |
An atom that has more protons than electrons |
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What is an anion? |
An atom that has more electrons than protons |
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What is an isotope? |
When an atom has a different number of protons and neutrons |
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What is the SI unit of length? |
Meter |
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Normal body temperature of 97.6°F equals what in Celsius? |
37°C |
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What functional group do fatty acids contain? |
Carboxylic acid |
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List the simple sugars |
Glucose, dextrose, and fructose |
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What is the normal blood pH level? |
7.4 |
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What happens during a redox reaction? |
One species is reduced, while another is oxidized |
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When methane (CH4) is heated in the presence of oxygen, water and CO2 are produced. What type of reaction is this? |
Combustion |
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Combustion reaction |
Occurs when chemicals are burned in oxygen |
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Decomposition reaction |
A single compound breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances |
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Synthesis reaction |
Occurs ehen chemicals combine with each other |
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Displacement reaction |
Occurs when ions switch places with one another |
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What intermolecular force is the strongest? |
Hydrogen bonds |
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An ionic compound |
Consists of a metal and a nonmetal |
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When brass is created by mixing zinc and copper, what type of solution is created? |
Alloy |
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What states of matter can contain a solution? |
Solids, liquids, and gases |
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A catalyst |
Increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy |
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What occurs when ice melts? |
Watet molecules gain kinetic energy |
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What makes up an atomic number? |
Amount of protons = amount of electrons Which makes it neutral |
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Van Der Wal Forces |
The two weakest intermolecular attractions - dispersion interactions and dipole forces |
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What intermolecular force is the strongest? |
Hydrogen bonding |
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How do you find the atomic number? |
Number of protons |
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How do you find atomic mass? |
Protons + neutrons |
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What is the oxidation reaction of Mg? |
Mg+2 |
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What is the process called when hydrogen and hydroxide are combined? |
Neutralization |
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What kind of bonding occurs when opposite changes are attracted to one another? |
Ionic bonding |
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Dispersion forces (London dispersion forces) |
The weakest of all molecular interactions, are caused by the motion of electrons |
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What is the charge of Magnesium? |
2+ |
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Moles to grams conversion |
Multiply |
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What is that systematic name for ammonia? |
Nitrogen Trihydrate |
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What does the law of conservation of energy state? |
Energy cannot be created if destroyed, it simply changes form |
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What is the term for the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by 1 Celsius? |
Specific heat |
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Low pH numbers mean |
Acidic |
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High pH numbers mean |
Basic (alkaline) |
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An isotope is the same number of protons but different |
Neutrons |
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Where can you find electrons? |
Orbit |
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Strongest type of bond |
Covalent bond |
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What forms of water can be seen on earth? |
Liquid, vapor, and gas |
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What structure is formed from two amino acids and a peptide bond? |
Protein |
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What is an example of an alloy? |
Two metals |
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Found on earth |
Solid, liquid, gas |
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What is a transition metal |
Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co |
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Where is magnesium located? |
Second row, second column |
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What is the charge of oxygen? |
2- |
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What us the name for ammonia? |
NH3 |
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What is the charge of noble gases? |
0 |
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Polarity is |
Based in the difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved |
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What reactions take place in the nucleus to obtain stable nuclear configurations? |
Nuclear reactions |
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The attraction of one dipole to another is? |
Dipole interactions |
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Which change of matter is when no charge is made to the chemical composition of a substance? |
Physical |
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Matter that changes in volume with change in temperature and pressure? |
Gas |
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Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a |
Solid |
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What is Fe and what kind of metal is it? |
Transitional metal call iron |
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What happens when a substance is mixed? |
It is chemically changed |
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What us Van Der Wals equation? |
Pv=nRT |
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K (potassium) charge |
+1 |
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What does ammonia have? |
Nitrogen and Hydrogen |
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Grams to moles conversion |
Divide by molar mass |
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If oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? |
-2 |
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Which of the following pH values would lemon juice likely have? |
2 because the lower the pH value, the more acidic |
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What is pentose? |
A 5 carbon sugar (pent=5 dose=sugar) |
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How many neutrons does carbon 14 have? |
8 (mass # - atomic # = neutrons) |
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How many protons does potassium have? |
19 |
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How many amino acids are essential for human life? |
20 amino acids |
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Normal body temperature in C |
37 |
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Normal body temperatuee in F |
98.6 |
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Boiling point of water in C |
100 |
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Boiling point of water in F |
212 |
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0°K is equal to |
-273°C |
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The term amphoteric means |
A substance that can act as both a base and acid |
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What is Kelvin based around? |
Absolute zero |
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A compound that is a hydrogen or proton donor, corrosive to metals, causes bkue litmus paper to become red, and becomes less acidix when mixed with a base is? |
Acid |
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Mixture or 2 of more metals are |
Alloys |
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Acids... |
pH less than 7 Sour/tart Formulas begin with H (hydrogen) Proton donor |
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3 types of radiation in nuclear chemistry |
Alpha, beta, gamma |
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Type of alloy in which another metal is dissolved in mercury (hg)? |
Amalgam |
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Proteins are made up of |
Amino acids |
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Glycogen is what kind of starch? |
Animal starch |
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When an atom gains one or more electrons |
Anions |
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Atomic mass |
Average mass of an elements isotope |
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Atomic number |
Number of protons in nucleus of an atom |
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Define catalyst |
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
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What is an atom called when it loses 1 or more electrons? |
Cation |
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What is chemical bonding? |
The joining of atoms to form new substances. 2 types: ionic and covalent |
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What is an ionic bond? |
Electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms called ions. Chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers an electron to another atom. |
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What are chemical reactions? |
Making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in composition of matter |
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Double covalent bond |
When 2 electron pairs are shared |
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Triple covalent bond |
When 3 electron pairs are shared |
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What is deoxyribose? |
A sugar used in the formation of DNA |
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What is a disaccharide? |
A double sugar molecule made of 2 monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis |
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AB + CD = AD + CB |
Double replacement |
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A + BC --> B + AC |
Single replacement |
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What is oxidation? |
Loss of electrons |
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What is reduction? |
Gain of electrons |
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What are hydrogen bonds? |
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and another atom in a different molecule |
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Where are nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA found? |
Cell nucleus |
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Atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons? |
Isotope |
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Example of ionic bond |
NaCl Sodium Chloride |
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In a covalent bond compound, if the electrons are shared equally, then the bond is |
Non-polar |
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Polar covalent bond |
Unequal sharing of electrons |
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A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances |
Solution |
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Liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
Solvent |
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How many electrons does an oxygen ion have? |
10 |
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What is created when an electron pair in a covalent bond is shared equally? |
Dipole |
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The attractions of one dipole to another is |
Dipole interactions |
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Strongest bond of intermolecular forces? |
Hydrogen bond |
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Elements Flourine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N) are involved in which bond? |
Hydrogen bond |
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Intramolecular bonds |
Ionic and covalent |
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Polarity is based on |
The difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved |
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Mass # - atomic # = |
Neutrons in an element |
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Protons + neutrons = |
Mass # |
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# of protons in an element = |
Atomic # |
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Neutral subatomic particles = |
Neutrons |
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- charge subatomic particles = |
Electrons |
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+ charge subatomic particles = |
Protons |
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Charge of noble gases? |
0 |
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Group IA = |
+1 charge |
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Group IIA = |
+2 charge |
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Group IIIA = |
+3 charge |
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Group VA = |
-3 charge |
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Group VIA = |
-2 charge |
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Group VIIA = |
-1 charge |
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Rows of the periodic table |
Period |
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Columns on the periodic table |
Group |
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Matter that has definite shape and volume? |
Solid |
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Matter that changes in volume with changes in temperature and pressure? |
Gas |
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Law of conservation of mass |
States matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction |
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A dipole attraction is a ____ intermolecular force. |
Weak |
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Increasing the ___ causes the particles to have greater kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster and have a greater chance of reacting. |
Temperature |
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Define stoichiometry |
Calculation of quantities in chemical reactions |
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A substancr that is dissolved in a solution |
Solute |
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Reactant is |
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. Reactant --> Product |
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Particles that are emitted during radioactivity? |
Radiation |
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Emission of particles or energy from an unstable nucleus? |
Radioactivity |
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Single sugar molecules |
Monosaccharides |
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Gluconeogenesis is a process that produces |
Glucose from proteins and fats rather than carbohydrates |
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What are intermolecular forces? |
Forces of attraction between molecules |
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Basic ways to speed up reaction |
Increase temperature, increase surface area, increase catalyst, increase concentration |
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Examples of intermolecular forces |
Hydrongen bonds, dipole-dipole, dispersion forces |
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Different types of solutions |
Compounds, alloys, amalgams, emulsions |
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Strongest type of chemical bond |
Covalent bond |
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Single covalent bond |
Chemical bond that shares 1 electron pair, formed by non-mentals |
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What two functional groups do amino acids contain? |
Carboxylic acid and amine |
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What is not produced during glycolysis? |
Glucose |
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What is a property of a base? |
They change red litmus paper to blue |
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What type of bond is formed when a bond's electrons are equally shared? |
Nonpolar covalent bond |
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What is a positively-charged atom? |
Cation |
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What best describes a saturated solution? |
A solution where no more solute can dissolve |
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A solution that is saturated has |
The maximum amount of solute dissolved in it |
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An unsaturated solution can |
Still have more solute dissolved in it |
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A supersaturated solution contains |
More solute than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances |
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What generally happens to a reaction when the temperature increases? |
The reaction rate increases |
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What states if matter take the shape of the container they are placed in? |
Liquid and gas |
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What is not a subatomic particle? |
Ion |
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H2O is an example of a |
Compound |
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What type of bonds hold polysaccharides together? |
Glycosidic bond |
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What type of chemical participates in a double replacement reaction? |
Ionic compounds |
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What represents the original units for a concentration of described as wt?wt%? |
g/g |
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Why does increasing the surface area of reactants or catalysts increase the rate of a reaction? |
It increases the likelihood of molecules encountering one another |
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Which phase transition describes the change from ice into steam? |
Sublimination |
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Freezing is |
From liquid to solid |
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Melting is |
From solid to liquid |
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Evaporation is |
From liquid to gas |
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Where are halogens on the periodic table? |
Group 17 |
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The SI base unit of mass? |
Kilogram |
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What are the two types of particles that can be emitted during the beta decay? |
Positron and electron |
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Acids are corrosive |
To metals |
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Strongest intramolecular force |
Metallic bonding |
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What makes an ionic compound? |
Cation and anion |
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What does Le Chatlier's principle state? |
When a system in equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to counteract this disturbance |
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Which state of matter for a certain substance is generally the densest? |
Solid |
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What is an isotope? |
Atoms with the same number if protons and neutrons, but a different number of electronfs. |
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What does the atomic mass of an element represent? |
The average mass of all isotopes of that element |
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Three main components of a number that is expressed in scientific notation |
Mathematical sign, significand, and exponential |
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Another name for the metric system |
International System of Units |
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If a temperature were to decrease by 100 Kelvins, how much would this temperature decrease on the Celsius scale? |
100 degrees |