Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
White Cells
|
Granulocytes: neutrophils, bands, eosinophils, basophils
Lymphocytes Monocyte/Macrophages |
|
Neutrophils
|
(PMNs, polys, segs)
-most common white cell -pale pink granular cytoplasm with condensed, segmented nucleus -1/2 life: 7hr -fx: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, kill phagocytosed bacteria |
|
Bands
|
(stabs)
-immature PMNs -curved nucleus, not yet segmented |
|
Eosinophils
|
Sunkist Orange!
-granulocytes w/ large refractile, orange-pink granules -bilobed nucleus -fx: all PMN fx, plus effector cell for Ab-dependent damage to parasites, regulation of immediate-type hypersensitivity rxn (inactivation of histamine & leukotrienes fr basophils/mast cells) -in mucosa of: GI, bronchial, lower GU |
|
Basophils
|
most rare
-large, dark blue granules overlie the nucleus -fx: mediate immediate-type hypersensitivity, modulation of inflammatory responses (release heparans & proteases) |
|
Lymphocytes
|
oval nucleus with thin blue cytoplasm rim
-may have a few purplish-red granules -smooth nuclear border fx: imm reg, prodx of hematopoietic GF's |
|
Monocytes
|
big & scary
-largest white cell in periphery -nucleus: folded, uneven contour -cytoplasm: grey, may have vacuoles -bigger than segs -fx: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, kill some microbe, Ag presentation, cytokine release -> BM stromal cells -> GF -removes: abnl/senescent RBCs, neoplastic/foreign cells -1/2 life: 70hr |
|
Elevated Neutrophil Count Ddx
|
-physiologic*: exercise, pregnancy, lactation, neuonates
-acute infx/inflamm* -myeloproliferative disorders (esp CML)* -drugs: corticosteroids*, G-CSF*, lithium -acute hemorrhage -misc: seizures, electric shock, s/p-splenectomy, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency* -non-hematologic malignancies |
|
Neutropenia Ddx
|
-AA's (benign ethnic neutropenia)
-drugs*: anti-psychotics, anti-epileptics, anti-thyroid, some abx -chemotherapeutic agents -immune*: lupus, RA -infx: viral, bacterial sepsis, tb, fungal -familial -hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism |
|
Agranulocytosis
|
-(near-)complete absence of neutrophils in peripheral blood
-nl plt count, nl hgb -usu drug-induced: clozapine, propythiouracil, anti-convulsants, sulfa & chloramphenicol *Levamisol-contaminated COCAINE -mouth & throat necrotizing ulcers -risk of infx (life threatening) |
|
Eosinophilia Ddx
|
"NAACP"
-Neoplasm -Allergy/asthma -Addison's dz (don't make corticosteroids) -Collagen vascular dz -Parasites (tissue invasive) |
|
Basophilia Ddx
|
too many basophils
fx: myeloproliferative disorders*, hypersensitivity rx, thyroid dz |
|
Lymphocytosis Ddx
|
-kids: viral infx
-bacterial infx (pertussis, tb, syphilis, brucellosis -old: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) -lymphomas & waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia |
|
Lymphopenia Ddx
|
-Immunodeficiencies (HIV/AIDS)
-Immunosuppressives (corticosteroids) -lymphomas -granulomatous dz (sarcoid, tb) -ETOH, malnutrition, zinc def. |
|
Monocytosis Ddx
|
-Bacterial Infx: tb, syphilis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, typhoid, brucellosis
-protozoal infx: malaria -rickettsial infx: RMSF, typhus -myelodysplastic syndrome* -leukemia -IBD |
|
Inherited Neutrophil Abnormalities
|
-Leukocyte Adhesion Def
-Chronic Granulomatous Dz -Myeloperoxidase Def -Chediak-Higashi Syndrome |
|
Acquired Def in Neutrophil Fx
|
-corticosteroid use*
-ETOH* -leukemia* -myelodysplasia* -myeloproliferative disorders* |