Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List 5 types of Erythrocyte indices.
|
RBC Count
MCV MCH MCHC RDW Reticulocyte Count |
|
List 5 types of WBCs.
|
Neutrophils
Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Lymphocytes |
|
RBC Count (3 points)
|
* 4.2 to 6.1 million (lower in females)
* Decreases indicate anemia/hemorrage * Increases indicate chronic hypoxia/polycythemia vera |
|
MCV (6 points)
|
* Mean Corpuscular Value
* Measures average volume or size of a single RBC * Useful in classifying types of anemias * Decreased = microcytic anemia (Fe deficiency) * Increased = macrocytic anemia (folic acid deficiency, aplastic or pernicious anemias) * Normal range 80-95 cubic mm |
|
MCH (3 points)
|
* Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
* Average amount of hemoglobin by weight in a single RBC * Same significance as MCV (mean corpuscular value) |
|
MCHC (3 points)
|
* Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
* Measures the average amount, by percentage, in a single RBC * Decreased levels indicate iron deficient anemia |
|
RDW (3 points)
|
* Measurement of the width of RBC
* Changes occur early in shape before MCV changes * Elevated RDE indicates Fe deficiency, folic acide deficiency, or B12 deficiency |
|
Reticulocyte Count (3 points)
|
* Immature red blood cell
* Elevation indicates increased RBC production * Elevated without precipitating cause would indicate a problem |
|
Neutrophils (4 points)
|
* Make up 50-75% of total WBC
* Granular and small * Left shift more bands immature neutrophils * Respond quickly to infection but do not last long |
|
Basophils (4 points)
|
* Make up 1% of total WBC
* Granular * Increase during the healing process * Release histamine and heparin |
|
Eosinophils (2 points)
|
* 1-2% of total WBCs
* Increase during allergic reaction and parasitic conditions |
|
Monocytes (3 points)
|
* 2nd line of defense against bacterial infection
* Slower to react than neutrophils, but are stronger and can ingest larger particles * Respond to viral infections, parasitic diseases, monocytic leukemia, and cancer |
|
Lymphocytes (1 point)
|
Seen in chronic and viral infections
|
|
ANC
|
* Absolute Neutrophil Count
* calculation of actual number of neutrophils in circulation * gives a rough indication of infection risk |
|
Anemia
|
decreased RBC count
|
|
Anergy
|
Diminished reactivity to antigens (transient or complete)
|
|
Angiogenesis
|
formation of new blood vessels, such s in healing a wound or in a malignant tumor
|
|
Angular Cheilosis
|
Cracking sore at the corner at corner of mouth
|
|
Aplasia
|
Lack of cellular development (e.g. of cells within bone marrow)
|
|
Apoptosis
|
Complex process of programmed cell death
|
|
Band Cell
|
Slightly immature neutrophil
|
|
Blast Cell
|
primitive WBC
|
|
Cytokines
|
Hormones produced by leukocytess that are vital to regulation of hematopoiesis, apoptosis, and immune responses
|
|
D-dimer
|
* test that measures fibrin breakdown
* considered to be more specific than fibrin degradation products in the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation |
|
DIC
|
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
|
|
Differentiation
|
Development of functions and characteristics that are different from those of the parent stem cell
|
|
Dysplasia
|
* Abnormal development (e.g. of blood cells)
* Size, shape and appearance of cells are altered |
|
Ecchymosis
|
Bruise
|
|
Erythocyte
|
* RBC
* a cellular component of blood involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
ESR
|
* Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
* lab test that measures the rate of settling of RBCs * elevation indicates inflammation * also called the "sed rate" |
|
Erythroid Cells
|
a broad term that refers to any cell that is, or will become, and RBC
|
|
Erythropoiesis
|
formation of RBCs
|
|
Erythropoietin
|
* Hormone produced primarily by the kidney
* necessary for erythropoiesis |
|
Fibrin
|
* Filamentous protein
* basrombus and blood clot |
|
Fibrinogen
|
protein converted into fibrin to form thrombus and clot
|
|
Fibrinolysis
|
Process of breakdown of fibrin clot
|
|
Granulocyte
|
* a granulated WBC (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)
* sometimes used synonymously with "neutrophil" |
|
Granulocytopenia
|
fewer than normal granulocytes
|
|
Hematocrit
|
Percentage of total blood volume consisting of RBCs
|
|
Hematopoiesis
|
Complex process of the formation and maturation of blood cells
|
|
Hemoglobin
|
* Iron-containing protein of RBCs
* delivers oxygen to tissues |
|
Hemolysis
|
* destruction of RBCs
* can occur within or outside of the vasculature |
|
Hemosiderin
|
Iron-containing pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin
|
|
Hemostasis
|
intricate balance between clot formation and clot dissolution
|
|
Histiocytes
|
* cells present in all loose connective tissue
* capable of phagocytosis * part of RES (reticuloendothelial system) |
|
Hyperplasia
|
abnormally increased proliferation of normal cells
|
|
Hypochromia
|
pallor within RBC caused by decreased hemoglobin content
|
|
left shift
-or- shift to the left |
increased release of immature forms of WBCs from the bone marrow in response to need
|
|
Leukocyte
|
* a WBC
* cellular components of blood involved in defense of the body * subtypes include neutrophiles, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes |
|
Leukemia
|
uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs, often immature
|
|
Leukopenia
|
less than normla amount of WBCs in circulation
|
|
Lymphoid
|
pertaining to lymphocytes
|
|
Lymphocyte
|
form of WBC involvedin immune functions
|
|
Lysis
|
destruction of cells
|
|
Macrocytosis
|
* larger than normal sized RBCs
* opposite of microcytosis |
|
Macrophage
|
cells of the RES (reticuloendothelial system) that are capable of phagocytosis
|
|
Mast Cell
|
cells found in connective tissue involved in defnese of the body and coagulation
|
|
Microcytosis
|
* smaller than normal RBCs
* opposite of macrocytosis |
|
Monocyte
|
large WBC that becomes a macrophage when it leaves circulation and moves into body tissues
|
|
Myeloid
|
Pertaining to nonlymphoid blood cells that differenctiate into RBCs, platelets, monocytes, and mcrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells
|
|
Myelopoiesis
|
formation and maturation of cells derived from my myeloid stem cell
|
|
Neutropenia
|
Lower than normal number of neutrophils
|
|
Neutrophil
|
* fully mature WBC capable of phageocytosis
* primary defense against bacterial infection |
|
Normochromic
|
normal RBC color, indicating normal amount of hemoglobin
|
|
Normocytic
|
normal size of RBC
(macrocytosis - large RBC) (microcytosis - small RBC) |
|
Nucleated RBC
|
* immature form of RBC
* portion of the nucleus remains within the red cell * not normally seen in circulating blood |
|
Oxyhemoglobin
|
* combined form of oxygen and hemoglobin
* found in arterial blood |
|
Pancytopenia
|
abnormal decrease in WBCs, RBCs, and platelets
|
|
Petechiae
|
tiny capillary hemorrhages
|
|
Phagocytosis
|
process of ingestion and digestion of bacteria by cells
|
|
Plasma
|
the liquid portion of blood
|
|
Plasminogen
|
Protein that is converted to plasmin to dissolve thrombi and clots
|
|
Platelet
|
* thrombocyte
* a cellular component of blood involved in blood coagulation |
|
Poikilocytosis
|
variation in shape of RBCs
|
|
Polycythemia
|
excess RBC
|
|
RBC
|
* Red Blood Cell
* an erythrocyte * a cellular component of blood involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
Reticulocytes
|
* slightly immature RBCs
* usually only 1% of total circulating RBCs |
|
RES
|
* Reticuloendothelial System
* complex system of cells throughout the body capable of phagocytosis |
|
Serum
|
portion of blood remaining after coagulation occurs
|
|
Stem Cell
|
* primitive cell
* capable of self-replication and differentiation into myeloid or lymphoid stem cell |
|
Thrombin
|
enzyme necessary to convert fibrinogen into fibrin clot
|
|
Thrombocyte
|
* a platelet
* a cellular component of blood involved in blood coagulation |
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
Lower than normal platelet count
|
|
Poikilocytosis
|
variation in shape of RBCs
|
|
Polycythemia
|
excess RBC
|
|
RBC
|
* Red Blood Cell
* an erythrocyte * a cellular component of blood involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
Reticulocytes
|
* slightly immature RBCs
* usually only 1% of total circulating RBCs |
|
RES
|
* Reticuloendothelial System
* complex system of cells throughout the body capable of phagocytosis |
|
Serum
|
portion of blood remaining after coagulation occurs
|
|
Stem Cell
|
* primitive cell
* capable of self-replication and differentiation into myeloid or lymphoid stem cell |
|
Thrombin
|
enzyme necessary to convert fibrinogen into fibrin clot
|
|
Thrombocyte
|
* a platelet
* a cellular component of blood involved in blood coagulation |
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
Lower than normal platelet count
|
|
Thrombocytosis
|
higher than normal platelet count
|
|
WBC
|
* white blood cell count
* cellular components of blood involved in defense of the body * subtypes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes |