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86 Cards in this Set
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This refers to daily body fluid fluctuations that occur with some constituents of the blood |
Diurnal rhythm |
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This means no food or beverages except water for 8-12 hours before a blood draw |
Fasting |
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This is used to provide a barrier against venous blood flow to help locate a vein. |
Tourniquet |
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How many inches above the venipuncture site must the tourniquet be put on? |
3-4 inches |
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Tourniquet must be left on for no longer than how many minute/s before the venipuncture is performed? |
1 minute |
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Most glass evacuated tubes are coated with this to help decrease the possibility of hemolysis and to prevent blood from adhering to the sides of the tube |
Silicone |
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How many minutes must blood specimens for serum testing be allowed to clot prior to centrifugation and serum removal? |
30-60 mins |
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This additive accelerates the clotting process and decreases the specimen preparation time. |
Clot activator |
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These clot activators activate factor XII in the coagulation pathway |
Glass or silica particles |
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This clot activator is an activated coagulation factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin |
Thrombin |
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This kind of additive prevents blood from clotting |
Anticoagulant |
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These anticoagulants remove Calcium needed for clotting by forming insoluble calcium salts |
EDTA, citrate, oxalate |
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This prevents clotting by binding to antithrombin in the plasma and inhibiting thrombin and activated coagulation factor X |
Heparin |
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Tubes with this kind of additive are either tested as whole blood or are centrifuged to yield plasma |
Anticoagulant |
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When must tubes with anticoagulant be gently inverted after collection to ensure proper mixing? |
Immediately |
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This kind of additive inhibits the metabolism of glucose by blood cells |
Antiglycolytic agent |
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The most commonly used antiglycolytic agent is |
Sodium fluoride |
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Tubes containing NaF + anticoagulant yield what? |
Plasma |
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Tubes containing only NaF yield what? |
Serum |
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This is an inert material that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during the centrifugation process, serving as a separation barrier between the liquid and cells |
Separator Gel |
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The point of the end of the needle with a slanted side |
Bevel |
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A needle's property which is inversely related to bore size (smaller ___, larger bore) |
Gauge |
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Most common needle size for adult venipuncture |
21 gauge |
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This consists of a short needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing, useful in collecting specimens from children or other patients fron whom it is difficult to draw blood |
Butterfly |
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This consists of a barrel, graduated in mL, and a plunger |
Syringe |
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This may be useful in drawing blood from pediatric, geriatric, or other patients with tiny, fragile, or "rolling" veins that would not be able to withstand the vacuum pressure from evacuated tubes |
Syringe |
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This color of cover and cover with stopper in evacuated tubes has clot activator and gel for serum preparation |
Gold; Red-gray |
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This color of cover and stopper in evacuated tubes is silicone coated with clot activator if the tube is plastic |
Red |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper contains Lithium heparin and gel for plasma separation |
Light green; green-gray |
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These colors of covers and cover/stopper are for serum determinations |
Gold, Red, Red-gray |
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This color of cover in evacuated tubes has thrombin-based clot activator with/out gel for serum separation |
Orange |
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This color of cover in evacuated tubes are for stat serum determinations |
Orange |
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This color of cover in evacuated tubes has clot activator or K2EDTA and is used for trace-element, toxicology, and nutritional chemistry determinations |
Royal blue |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper contains sodium or lithium heparin |
Green |
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These colors of covers and covers/stoppers are for plasma determinations in chemistry |
Green; Light green; Green-gray |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes mainly has NaF and can be together with Na2EDTA or potassium oxalate |
Gray |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes is used for glucose determinations |
Gray |
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This color of cover in evacuated plastic tubes has K2EDTA and is used for lead determinations |
Tan |
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This color of cover/stopper in evacuated tubes can contain either ACD for blood bank studies or SPS for blood culture |
Yellow |
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SPS means |
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate |
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This additive is used for blood culture specimen collections in microbiology |
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate |
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This additive is used in blood bank studies, HLA phenotyping, & DNA and paternity testing |
Acid citrate dextrose |
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These colors of covers and covers/stoppers have K3EDTA (in glass tube) or are spray coated with K2EDTA |
Lavender; pink |
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These colors of covers and covers/stoppers are for whole blood hematology determinations |
Lavender; pink |
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This color of cover in evacuated tubes has K2EDTA & gel for plasma separation, for use in molecular diagnostic test methods |
White |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes has buffered Na Citrate or CTAD for coagulation determinations |
Light blue |
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CTAD means ___ and is for selected platelet function assays and routine coagulation determination |
Citrate, theophylline, adenosine, dipyridamole |
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This color of cover and cover/stopper has no additive and is for use as a discard tube or secondary specimen tube |
Clear; red-light gray |
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The most common skin antiseptic is |
70% isopropyl alcohol |
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Antiseptic used for legal blood alcohol level |
Benzalkonium chloride |
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Two anatomical patterns of veins in the amtecubital fossa |
M; H |
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Order of preference of veins in venipuncture (most preferred first, least last) |
Median, Cephalic, Basilic |
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This vein is the last choice in venipuncture because of the increased risk of injury to the median nerve &/ accidental puncture of the brachial artery |
Basilic vein |
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This vein is located on the lateral aspect of the antecubital fossa, on the thumb side of the hand |
Cephalic vein |
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This vein is located on the medial aspect of the antecubital fossa |
Basilic vein |
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How does one apply antiseptic to the venipuncture site |
Circular motion going outwards |
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Order of draw of tubes in venipuncture |
Blood culture, Coagulation, Serum, Heparin, EDTA, Sodium fluoride (NaF) |
BCSHES |
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How should the time of collection be written on the tube |
Military time |
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The most crucial step in venipuncture |
Patient identification |
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Smaller needle gauges used in children |
22-23 gauge |
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The most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen |
Bruising |
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Another term for Bruise |
Ecchymosis |
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This complication is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site |
Bruising |
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What prevents bruising after venipuncture |
Application of pressure to the venipuncture site |
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This results when leakage of a large amount of blood around the puncture site causes the area to rapidly swell |
Hematoma |
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How many minutes must pressure be applied on venipuncture site when it starts to swell? |
2 mins |
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This most commonly occur when the needle goes through the vein or when the bevel is only partially in the vein |
Hematoma |
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One must remove this first before removing the needle |
Tourniquet |
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Syncope means |
Fainting |
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This is an increased concentration of cells, larger molecules, & analytes in the blood as a result of a shift in water balance |
Hemoconcentration |
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This is the rupture of RBC with the consequent escape of hemoglobin, causing the serum or plasma to be pinkish or red |
Hemolysis |
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Small red dots indicating that small amounts of blood have escaped into the skin |
Petechiae |
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Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the tissues |
Edema |
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Removal of the breast |
Mastectomy |
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The needle should be inserted at an angle of less than how many degrees? |
30 degrees |
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This is the technique of choice to obtain a blood specimen from newborns and pediatric patients, burned patients, obese, & elderly patients with fragile veins |
Skin puncture |
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Site of skin puncture for children under 1 year of age |
Lateral or medial plantar surface of the heel |
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Skin puncture site for children older than 1 year and adults |
Palmar surface of the distal portion of 3rd/4th finger of nondominant hand |
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Puncture on the finger should be ___ to the fingerprint lines |
Perpendicular |
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Fingers of infants are not punctured because of a risk of |
Bone injury |
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What temperature must skin puncture site be warmed and for how long? |
No greater than 42 degrees celsius for 3-5 mins |
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This antiseptic is not used for skin puncture |
Povidone-iodine |
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How deep must the skin puncture depth be in infants? |
No more than 2 mm |
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To prevent specimen contamination with tissue fluid in skin puncture, what is wiped away? |
First drop of blood |
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Used to collect blood in skin puncture |
Microcollection tubes |
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Order of draw for skin puncture |
Blood gas analysis, Slides, EDTA, Anticoagulants, Serum |
BSEAS |