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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CANADA'S GOV IS A: |
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY |
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CANADA IS A CONFEDERATION OR A FEDERATION? |
FEDERATION |
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LEVELS OF GOV MENTIONED IN CONSTITUTION |
FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL |
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WHO CHOOSES THE MINISTER OF HEALTH |
PRIME MINISTER |
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WHO APPOINTS MINISTER OF HEALTH |
GOVERNOR GENERAL |
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CURRENT MINISTER OF HEALTH |
JANE PHILPOTT |
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CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF CANADA LEADER |
RONA AMBROSE |
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YOU ARE AN MPP IF: |
YOU ARE ELECTED TO PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MLA MPP: |
THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE |
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WHY ISN'T THE PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE BICAMERAL? |
THERE IS ONLY 1 PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE |
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LOBBYIST |
INDIVIDUAL, GROUP, OR AGENCY THAT TRIES TO INFLUENCE POLICY BY MEETING WITH INDIVIDUAL LEGISLATORS. |
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PHYSICIAN LICENSCING IS A ______ CONCERN |
PROVINCIAL |
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PLURALITY |
A PARTY RECEIVES A PLURALITY WHEN IT GETS MORE VOTES THAN ANY OTHER PARTY |
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CANADA'S HEAD OF STATE |
MONARCH/QUEEN/CROWN |
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DECONCENTRATION/DECENTRALIZATION |
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY FROM CENTRAL TO PERIPHERAL OFFICE OF SAME ORGANIZATION |
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FEDERAL GOV CAN OVERRULE PROVINCIAL GOV ON: |
AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION |
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POLICY: |
INTERRELATED DECISIONS INVOLVING POLITICAL ACTORS. POLICY IS ABOUT SELECTION OF GOALS AND MEANS OF ACHIEVING THEM. |
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EXAMPLES OF UNWRITTEN POLICY: |
UK COMMON LAW, APPT/NEIGHBOURHOOD RULES |
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EX OF ABSENCE OF POLICY: |
OBAMACARE. UNLESS YOU ARE ON MEDICARE OR MEDICAID, YOU PURCHASE YOUR OWN HEALTH CARE |
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EX OF GAPS IN POLICY: |
WEED IS ILLEGAL BUT RARELY ENFORCED |
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EX OF REPLACING A HARD-TO-SOLVE PROBLEM WITH A NEW PROBLEM: |
OBAMACARE (AFFORDABLE CARE ACT): ORIGINAL PROBLEM = MILLION WITHOUT HEALTH CARE NEW PROBLEM: HARD TO GET INSURANCE WITH EXISTING HEALTH CONCERN |
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FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN EXAMINING A POLICY: |
1. STRUCTURES, PROCESSES, AND OUTCOMES (MEETINGS, IMPLEMENTATIONS, ETC) 2. IDEAS, INSTITUTIONS AND INTERESTS (IDEOLOGIES/BELIEFS OF ACTORS) |
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STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVE: |
EXISTING POLITICAL MECHANISMS SUCH AS STAKEHOLDERS OR INTERESTED PARTIES (GOV AGENCIES, AFFECTED INDUSTRY, THINK TANKS, INDEPENDENT EXPERTS, ETC) |
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INDEPENDENT EXPERTS BENEFIT FROM INVOLVEMENT BY: |
GETTING MORE ATTENTION AND FUNDING FOR THEIR OWN RESEARCH |
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VALUES AND RULES STRUCTURE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BY: |
SHAPING AND CONSTRAINING BEHAVIOUR (NUTRITION LABELS AND RESTAURANT CALORIE COUNT). PEOPLE WITH DIFF VALUES HAVE HARD TIME UNDERSTANDING EACH OTHER BECAUSE THEIR OWN VALUES ARE SO INNATE TO THEMSELVES |
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GOVERNMENT: |
COMPLEX SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATION THAT ALLOWS CENTRAL AUTHORITY TO OPERATE THROUGHOUT A POLITICAL SYSTEM/STATE/PROVINCE/COUNTRY. |
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BUREAUCRATIZATION: |
-DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM TO MANAGE AND CONTROL COMPLEX HUMAN ACTIVITIES -ATTEMPT AT OBJECTIVE, MANAGEABLE, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM IN LARGE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. |
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MAX WEBER: POWER EXISTS IN A CENTRAL HIERARCHY, BUT AUTHORITY IS DIFFUSED THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE ITS GOALS. EXAMPLES: |
DRIVING SCHOOL PPL, COPS, LIQUOR STORE EMPLOYEES--> IMPLEMENT STATE REGULATIONS BUT ARE ALLOWED FLEXIBILITY AND USE OF OWN JUDGEMENT. - POLICY AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL MUST TRICKLE DOWN AND BE IMPLEMENTED AT LOCAL LEVEL. -CANNOT BE ALL SUBJECTIVE. MUST HAVE OBJECTIVE REGULATIONS OR ELSE POLICY WILL BECOME ARBITRARY. |
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OSSIFICATION: |
SOMETHING UNMOVEABLE, UNFLEXIBLE. THIS IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF BUREAUCRACY. |
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GOALS OF BUREAUCRACY: |
REPRODUCE ITSELF, STRENGTHEN ITSELF, JUSTIFY ITS EXISTENCE, KEEP ITSELF GOING, NOT BE REDUNDANT. |
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IMPORTANT TO UNERSTAND ABOUT BUREAUCRACY: |
UNDERSTAND THE ACTUAL OPERATION, NOT JUST THE IDEAL OPERATION. OUTCOME OF POLICY FORMATION, REASONS IT MIGHT FAIL, CONTEXT IN WHICH POLICY MUST BE WRITTEN. |
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GOVERNMENTALITY: |
WAYS GOVERNMENT CAN CONDUCT OUR CONDUCT. |
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BIOPOLITICS: |
MANAGING THE SELF AS AN EMBODIED BEING. WE ALL HAVE BODIES AND FEEL PAIN/PHYSICAL SENSATION EX: YOU CAN DRINK ALCOHOL, BUT YOU HAVE TO DO IT WITHIN CERTAIN LIMITS (CANT SERVE ALCOHOL BEFORE 11AM) |
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FEDERALISM: |
DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES BETWEEN PROVINCE AND FEDERAL GOV. SOME CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS/RESPONSIBILITIES OVERLAP--> AGRICULTURE/IMMIGRATION ARE BOTH FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL EX: NATIVE HEALTH POLICY, IMMIGRATION (INFECTIOUS DISEASE), MILITARY. --> SOME SHARING OF RESPONSIBILITIES: CANADIAN BLOOD SERVICES IMPLEMENTED PROVINCIALLY, OPERATED FEDERALLY. --> SOME FINAGLING OF REGIMES OF AUTHORITY (DRUG POLICY VS ALCOHOL PROHIBITION). *** UNITARY SYSTEMS EXIST IN OTHER COUNTRIES. |
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FISCAL FEDERALISM: |
TRANSFERRING FUNDS TO PROVINCES, USUALLY UNRESTRICTED BUT SOMETIMES STRINGS ATTACHED. ** SOME FEDERAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT ALLOWS PROVINCIAL AUTONOMY. |
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WHO DECIDES ON MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES? |
PROVINCE |
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EXAMPLES OF REGIONAL/LOCAL AGENCIES SET UP TO MANAGE OPERATIONS OF COMPLEX HEALTH SYSTEMS: |
CCAC, LHIN, REGIONAL/LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES. ** IDEA IS TO MANAGE HEALTH RESOURCES BASED ON SPECIFIC NEEDS OF THE REGIONS POPULATION. |
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KEY GUIDING DOCUMENTS SHAPING AND CONSTRAINING POLICY: |
CONSTITUTION / BNA ACT, CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS |
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WHY IS THERE POLITICAL DISTASTE OF "ACTIVIST JUDGES"? |
CONSTITUTION OR "CHARTER CHALLENGE" TO THE SUPREME COURT. SOME THINK THAT JUDGES SHOULD BE MORE NEUTRAL. |
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CRITICAL JUNCTURES: |
WHEN YOU DISCUSS KEY DECISIONS THAT HELP SET FUTURE POLICIES. THE RESULT IS A SERIES OF POLICY LEGACIES. |
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PATH DEPENDENCY: |
EMPHASIZE EXTENT TO WHICH PRIOR POLICIES MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO REVERSE. |
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HISTORICAL INSTITUTIONALISM: |
STRESSES IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONS AND INFLUENCING OUTCOMES. |
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WHO HAS THE LEAST INFLUENCE OVER HEALTH POLICY FORMATION? |
GOVERNOR GENERAL |
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LIBERAL: |
LEFT SIDE. FREEDOM AND RIGHTS. VALUE SOCIETAL RIGHTS OVER INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. |
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BIG "L" LIBERAL: |
FROM LIBERAL PARTY |
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SMALL "L" LIBERAL: |
AGREES WITH LIBERAL VIEWS/VALUES |
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LIBERTARIAN: |
INDIVIDUAL-FOCUSED. LIMITED GOVERNANCE. AS LITTLE GOV INVOLVEMENT AS POSSIBLE. - MORE FISCAL, ECONOMIC -OFTEN SOCIALLY PROGRESSIVE VALUES (SAME SEX RIGHTS). -USED TO ADVOCATE FOR SOME BEHAVIOURS THAT MAY BE SEEN AS DISTASTEFUL. |
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FRANCE, IMMEDIATELY PRE-REVOLUTION: |
MORE EMPHASIS ON LIBERAL VALUES, AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (THIS IS OLD LIBERALISM--> NOW FOCUSED ON COLLECTIVE RIGHTS). |
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RIGHT SIDE OF SPEAKER: |
-SUPPORTED MONARCH (CHURCH, ELITES, TRADITIONS OF STATE, OLD INSTITUTIONS). -WANTED TO "CONSERVE THE PAST" |
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LEFT SIDE OF SPEAKER: |
-OPPOSED MONARCHY, WANTED MORE RIGHTS FOR THE PEOPLE -SUPPORTED CHANGE, *INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS* AND FREEDOMS. -LIBERAL BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO BE FREED FROM TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONAL OBLIGATIONS. |
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*MODERN* RIGHT SIDE: |
-WANTS TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS -INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OVER COLLECTIVE. -LESS GOV CONTROL -REJECT "NANNY STATE" |
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FISCAL CONSERVATIVES: |
BELIEVE IN NEED TO RESTRICT STATE SPENDING, REDUCE TAXES, SHRINK THE GOV BUREAUCRACY. *FEWER REGULATIONS REGARDING BUSINESS (ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS). |
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SOCIAL CONSERVATIVES: |
-OPPOSE THINGS LIKE SAME-SEX MARRIAGE. -THINK THINGS LIKE THAT UNDERMINE TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS (FAMILY, CHURCH, VALUES). |
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RADICAL CONSERVATIVE: |
WANTS TO GO BACK TO THE ROOTS OF BELIEFS. |
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*MODERN* LEFT SIDE: |
-COLLECTIVE RIGHTS -EFFECTIVE GOV INSTITUTIONS AS WAY OF BALANCING SOCIAL INEQUITIES (PROVIDE EQUITY). -PROGRESSIVE TAXATION. -REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH -SUPPORT POOR THROUGH WELFARE SYSTEMS. -RIGHTS OF WORKERS -POLICY TO REDUCE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CAPITALISM. |
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WHICH TYPES OF PARTIES ARE USUALLY SUPPORTED BY UNIONS? |
"LEFT-LEANING" PARTIES. THESE UNIONS HAVE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS FOR WORKERS IN MIND. |
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PROGRESSIVE TAXATION: |
-IS A LIBERAL VIEW -RICHER PEOPLE WHO CAN AFFORD TO PAY MORE WILL PAY MORE |
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FASCISM: |
-ULTRA CONSERVATISM -LESS POWER TO INDIVIDUALS, STATE IS MOST IMPORTANT. -GOV SEEN AS IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF EXISTENCE OF GOV, NOT FOR PURPOSE OF PROVIDING FOR THE PEOPLE. |
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SOCIALISM: |
-INTERESTED IN SOCIAL EQUALITY -GOV INVOLVEMENT TO ALLOW PEOPLE TO BE AS SAFE AND HAPPY AS POSSIBLE. |
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COMMUNISM: |
DECISIONS MADE COLLECTIVELY, IN "COMMON". ABOUT COLLECTIVE RIGHTS. |
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WHO WOULD BELIEVE IN PERSONAL LIBERTY, LOW GOV INVOLVEMENT, BUT ALSO RESTRICTIONS TO ABORTION: LIBERAL, SOCIAL CONSERVATIVE, FISCAL CONSERVATIVE, OR PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE? |
SOCIAL CONSERVATIVE |
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"COLLECTIVE RIGHTS, GOV ACTION TO CURB CORPORATE POWER, INCOME EQUALITY" IS THE IDEOLOGY OF LEFT WING OR RIGHT WING? |
LEFT WING IDEOLOGY |
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CANANDA'S CURRENT GOVERNMENT: |
LIBERAL DEMOCRACY -THIS IS CLASSIC LIBERALISM WHICH MERGED FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND FRENCH REVOLUTION |
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IN EUROPE, THE TERM "LIBERAL" IS CLOSER TO OUR IDEA OF: |
LIBERTARIAN |
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ORIGINAL "LIBERTY": |
-THE LIBERTY OF PURSUING INDIVIDUAL GOALS (FREEDOM FROM CONSTRAINT). -ROLE OF THE STATE: TO FACILITATE INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY. |
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ROLE OF THE CAPITALIST STATE: |
TO PERMIT INDIVIDUAL ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH. |
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CAPITALIST SYSTEM IS ABOUT ____. LIBERAL SYSTEM IS ABOUT ____. |
1. ACCUMULATED WEALTH 2. ALLOWING THAT WEALTH TO ACCUMULATE. |
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LIMITS OF LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC STATE: |
-MID 19TH CENTURY CREATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMBALANCES. -VERY RICH INDUSTRIALISTS/ POOR WORKERS. -CAPITALISM -"LAISSEZ FAIRE" ECONOMICS. -FORCING POOR OUT OF LAND AND INTO DIRTY/DANGEROUS FACTORIES. -NO WELFARE FOR INJURY, ETC. -LIMITED ABILITY FOR PPL TO THRIVE. |
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"LAISSEZ FAIRE" ECONOMICS: |
KEEP THE GOVERNMENT OUT OF IT |
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WHO ARGUED THAT THE SYSTEM "LAY THE SEED OF ITS OWN DESTRUCTION"? |
KARL MARX (GERMAN) AND FREIDRECH ENGELS (SON OF AN INDUSTRIALIST). ** THIS INCREASED ALIENATION, AND IMPOVERISHMENT OF POOR WORKERS LEAD TO WORKER UPRISINGS (HAPPENED IN 1848 AND 1870S). |
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IN RESPONSE TO THE INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS, ETC, STATE REACTED BY: |
-CREATING LAWS/REGULATIONS TO EASE INEQUALITIES. -LEGALIZED UNIONS, BASIC WORKPLACE REGULATIONS. -FACTORY LAWS, LIMITS TO HOURS OF LABOUR. -SAVE CAPITALISM FROM ITSELF BY CONSTRAINING ITS MOST RAPACIOUS/GREEDY ASPECTS. -THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF CONSTRAINTS ON DEMOCRACY. |
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WHAT WAS CREATED AS A RESULT OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION? |
A WELFARE STATE. SYSTEM TO PROTECT THOSE WHO HAVE LOST OR CAN'T FIND JOBS, OLD, SICK, ETC. |
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DOES THE LEFT OR RIGHT SIDE CRITICIZE THE IDEA OF THE WELFARE STATE? |
THE RIGHT SIDE. SOME THINK IT ENCOURAGES LAZY/USELESS CITIZENS. **YET, HISTORICALLY, THIS WELFARE STATE HAS PROTECTED CAPITALISM FROM UNREST. |
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BETWEEN DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES, THERE IS A _____ OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL RIGHTS. |
BALANCE. |
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IDEA OF GOV "INTERFERENCE" VS "INTERVENING": |
-SOME TALK ABOUT GOV INTERFERENCE IN FREE FLOW OF CAPITAL AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. -OTHERS TALK ABOUT INTERVENING TO MAKE A SYSTEM MORE EQUITABLE. |
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CREATION OF THE SOCIALIZED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (MEDICARE, OHIP, ETC) WAS RESULT OF: |
RESULT OF LEFT-LEANING PARTY THAT CAME INTO PROMINENCE DURING DEPRESSION, AND INTO POWER IN THE 1940S. -THIS SYSTEM HAS BECOME A KEY ELEMENT IN CANADIAN IDENTITY. |
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BENEFITS OF HAVING A HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: |
IF YOU HAVE A WORKFORCE THAT HAS ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, THERE WILL BE LESS INJURIES/ILLNESS, ETC. * SO, IN A WAY, IT SUPPORTS INDUSTRIES. |
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EXAMPLES OF BALANCING INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETAL RIGHTS: |
-CANADA'S FOOD GUIDE IS FOR EVERYONE, BUT ALSO FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH LITERACY-EDUCATION. -CALORIE COUNT ON MENUS MAY CONSTRAIN YOUR FREEDOM TO NOT FEEL GUILTY ABOUT MAKING A CHOICE. |
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BURGEOIS CONCEIT: |
POLICY THAT DOESNT RECOGNIZE THE CONDITIONS OF THE PERSON YOU ARE SPEAKING TO. EX--> TELLING SOMEONE THE ONLY WAY THEY CAN BE HEALTHY IS TO BUY ORGANIC VEGGIES, BUT MAYBE THEY CANT AFFORD THIS. |
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PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE: |
DOESNT MEAN MORE PROGRESSIVE IN MOVING FORWARD ON ISSUES SUCH AS LGBT RIGHTS. ** PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE IS KIND OF A MERGE OF FISCAL AND SOCIAL CONSERVATISM. |
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EX OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT WING SWAYING TO EACH OTHER'S SIDE: |
THE LIBERALS IN BC ARE MORE CONSERVATIVE THAN THE ONES IN ONTARIO. |
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NEO-LIBERAL: |
-IS CONSERVATIVE -"OLD LIBERALISM" OR "CLASSICAL LIBERALISM". -REFERS TO ECONOMICS, RATHER THAN THE TERM CONSERVATISM WHICH IS MORE POLITICAL. |
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FREE MARKET: |
IS A NEO-LIBERAL ECONOMIC ARGUMENT. -IF YOU GET RID OF ALL THE CONTROLS, THE MARKET WILL FIX ITSELF. |
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WHAT IS "FRAMING" SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS? |
A "SPIN." IMPORTANT TO SPEAK THE LANGUAGE OF THE AUDIENCE. |
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SMOKING EXAMPLE OF FRAMING: |
EITHER FRAME IT BY FOCUSING ON INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VS SOCIAL GOOD. |
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SECURITY: |
SATISFACTION OF MINIMUM HUMAN NEEDS. PERSON AND STATE ARE SECURE. |
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LIBERTY: |
DO AS YOU WISH AS LONG AS YOU DO NOT HARM OTHERS. *FUNDAMENTAL LIBERAL IDEAL FOR BOTH SIDES. |
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EQUITY: |
TREATING LIKES ALIKE. *CHOCOLATE CAKE EXAMPLE. * NEED TO CONSIDER RECIPIENT, ITEM, AND PROCESS. |
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EFFICIENCY: |
GETTING MOST OUT OF A GIVEN OUTPUT. GENERALLY AND ECONOMIC ARGUMENT. RESOURCE ALLOCATION. |
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RECIPIENTS, ITEMS, PROCESS: |
RECIPIENTS: WHO DESERVES/NEEDS IT MORE? ITEMS: VALUE OF ITEM WITHIN CONEXT. PROCESS: FAIR WAY OF DISTRIBUTING EVEN IF NOT EQUAL. |
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AUTONOMY: |
RECOGNITION THAT INDIVIDUAL CAN MAKE OWN DECISIONS. AVOID PATRONIZING AND PATERNALISM. |
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BENEFICANCE: |
DOING SOMETHING IN BEST INTEREST OF THE INDIVIDUAL. BALANCE BENEFITS AGAINST COSTS. ACTING PERSON MUST QUESTION THEIR OWN INTENTIONS. |
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NON-MALEFICANCE: |
DO NO HARM. IDEA THAT AN ACTION ON BALANCE SHOULD BE HELPFUL. INFORMED PARTICIPANT, KNOWING THE RISKS. BALANCE POTENTIAL HARMS AND GOOD. |
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JUSTICE: |
LIKE FAIRNESS/EQUITY. BENEFIT MUST BE DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY. ** THIS IS TRICKY BECAUSE IN RESEARCH, BENEFITS ARE SOMETIMES WITHHELD FROM PARTICIPANTS. |
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BENEFITS OF ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: |
LIMITS RESISTANCE AND ENSURES EFFECTIVENESS (MORE BRAINS=MORE IDEAS). |
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PUBLIC GOOD: |
SOMETHING ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL. MUST BE: 1. NON-EXCLUDABLE. 1. NON-RIVALROUS. |
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NON-RIVALROUS: |
WE DONT COMPETE FOR IT. EX--> IF SOMEONE IS WEARING GLASSES, NOBODY ELSE CAN. |
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NON-EXCLUDABLE: |
SOMEONE DOES NOT CONTROL ACCESS TO IT. THESE THINGS ARE OWNED BY OR ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC. |
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EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC GOODS AND GOODS THAT ARE NOT PUBLIC GOODS. |
PUBLIC GOODS: CLEAN AIR, PUBLIC PARKS, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES. NOT PUBLIC GOODS: CLEAN WATER, UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (CHEMO), HIGHWAY 407. |
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EXTERNALITIES: |
EXIST WHEN PRIVATE COSTS/BENEFITS DO NOT EQUAL PUBLIC/SOCIAL COSTS/BENEFITS. ** AN EXTERNALITY IS BASICALLY A COST OR BENEFIT THAT AFFECTS A THIRD PARTY. |
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EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY: |
POLLUTION. PRIVATE COMPANIES BENEFIT FROM STATE MANAGING/REGULATING POLLUTION. THEY ALSO BENEFIT FROM STATE-RUN WATER CLEANING SYSTEMS. THEIR ACTIONS (FOR PROFIT) NEGATIVELY AFFECT INDIVIDUALS. |
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EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE EXTERNALITY: |
HERD IMMUNITY, NEIGHBOUR FIREPROOFING THEIR HOUSE, CLEAN WATER SYSTEM. * MANY ASPECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ARE POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, BECAUSE THE COST TO INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS IS LOWER THAN IF THEY HAD TO PAY FOR THINGS THEMSELVES. * MORE PEOPLE PAYING INTO SOMETHING MAKES THE PRICE GO DOWN. |
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TO JUSTIFY A PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION, NEED TO: |
DEMONSTRATE A RISK, DEMONSTRATE EFFECTIVENESS, ASSESS ECONOMIC COST, ASSESS BURDEN ON INDIVIDUALS, ASSESS FAIRNESS OF POLICY. |
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INTERESTS: |
DIFFUSE VS CONCENTRATED. |
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LATENT INTEREST GROUP VS PRESSURE GROUPS: |
GENERALLY DISORGANIZED VS HIGHLY ORGANIZED. |
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ASTROTURF ORGANIZATION: |
LOOKS LIKE A GRASS-ROOTS FOUNDATION, BUT IT TURNS OUT THEY ARE RUN AND FUNDED BY LARGE ORGANIZATIONS. * THEY DEPLOY A RANGE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POWER. |
|
POLICY COMMUNITY CONSISTS OF: |
GOV AGENCIES, INTEREST GROUPS, MEDIA, INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS. |
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WHO IS INVOLVED IN SCOPE OF CONFLICT? |
STAKEHOLDERS, HIGHER LEVEL ADMINISTRATORS, BUREAUCRATS. * BUREAUCRATS LOOK FOR BUREAUCRATIC SOLUTIONS. * SCOPE OF CONFLICT CAN BE MANIPULATED TO ACHIEVE THE ENDS IT WANTS. |
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LOUDEST VOICES OFTEN THE ________. |
RICHEST. EX--> PORT DALHOUSIE VS RYKERT BUS LANES. |
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SETTING AGENDA: |
DETERMINES WHICH INTERESTS WILL BE ADDRESSED. |
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SOMETIMES ISSUES POP UP THAT TAKE OVER POLICY ATTENTION SUCH AS: |
OUR COUNTRY MAY HAVE A CERTAIN FOREIGN POLICY, BUT SOMETHING HAPPENS ELSEWHERE IN THE WORLD THAT INFLUENCES THAT POLICY. |
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EXHORTATION: |
CONVINCING THROUGH WORDS OR GESTURES. |
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EXPENDITURE/TAXATION: |
FUNDING TO ADVANCE A POSITION. |
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REGULATION: |
RULES TO ENCOURAGE OR PUNISH ACTIONS. |
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PUBLIC OWNERSHIP: |
GOV DIRECTLY RUNS THE ACTIVITY (GOV OWNS THE BUSINESS). |
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CREATION OF "TRUTHS": |
IDEAS, CONCEPTS, BELIEFS HELD TO BE NON-DEBATABLE. |
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IN SCIENCE WE LOOK AT TESTS TO GIVE CREDIBILITY TO A THEORY. OVER TIME: |
THAT THEORY MAY BE CONSIDERED IMMUNE FROM DISAGREEMENT (AT LEAST BY REASONABLE ARGUMENT. SEE EVOLUTION VS CREATIONISM). |
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DEVIANCE IS _______ TO GOOD CITIZENSHIP. |
ANTITHETICAL (OPPOSED). |
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SOME THINGS CONSIDERED TO BE TRUTHS ARE ACTUALLY ________ ________ BEHAVIOURS. |
HISTORICALLY CONSTRUCTED. |