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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Onycholysis |
Separation of nail bed and nail plate (usually if nail is infected) |
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Paronychium |
soft tissue surrounding the nail border |
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Paronychia |
Infection and inflammation of the paronychium and surrounding nail border due to bacteria or fungi -usually caused by nail biting or excessive manicuring |
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Papilla |
Pimple |
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Anthrac/o |
Black (as coal) |
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cirrh/o |
Tawny yellow |
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eosin/o |
rosy |
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poli/o- |
grey |
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Caus/o |
Burn/burning
"Caustic injury" |
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Cutane/o |
skin
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Diaphor/o |
Profuse sweating |
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hidr/o |
Sweat
"hidroadenitis": inflammation of the sweat gland |
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Ichthy/o |
Scaly, dry
"ichthyosis": condition of dry skin |
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kerat/o |
Hard |
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Myc/o |
fungus |
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onych/o |
Nail |
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Pil/o |
Hair/hair follicle
(pilo errectus) |
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rhytid/o |
Wrinkle
(rhytidectomy: removal of wrinkle) |
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Seb/o |
Sebum |
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Squam/o |
Scale-like, flat
-like squamous cells
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ungu/o |
nail
(sub-unguohematoma: bleeding below the nail) |
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trich/o |
hair
(trichotellomania: pull out hair when anxious) |
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py/o |
pus |
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pustule: pus filled
-a pimple could be this if had pus |
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Wheal: smooth, slightly elevated, edema |
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Cyst: fluid or semisolid fluid in a thick walled sac |
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vesicle: clear fluid, blister
-herpes |
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crust (scab): dried serum and cellular debris |
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Polyp: benign growth extending from mucous membrane surface |
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Macule: discolored, flat |
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Erosion: epidermis is wearing away |
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Nodule: solid, elevated mass |
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Fissure: slit, groove |
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Ulcer: open sore on skin or mucous membrane
-goes past epidermis and dermis--all skim is eroded |
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Papule: small, elevated, pimple, plaque |
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Alopecia |
-absence of hair from where it usually grows
Causes: hereditary, old age, disease |
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Alopecia Areata |
-Idiopathic disease (cause is unknown) -autoimmune -hair falls out in patches |
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Ecchymosis, ecchymoses |
Bluish-purple mark on the skin, usually caused by hemorrhages (large scale bruise) |
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Petechia, pl. petechiae |
small bruise--blood vessels rupture (tiny) |
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Pruritus |
MEMORIZE SPELLING (PRURITUS) -itching: caused by the stimulation of the nerves in the skin by substances released in allergic reactions or irritation -symptom: dermatitis and eczema |
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Urticaria |
hives
-red, round wheals -acute allergic reacion (food allergies)
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Acne Vulgaris |
Eruption of the skin with increased sebum
(Follicles are obstructed and back up of sebum) -skin gets swollen and irritated |
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Black head |
Sebum that is partially blocking the pore |
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White head |
When sebum completely blocks a pore
-bacteria in the skin break down the sebum, producing inflammation in the surrounding tissue |
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1st degree burn |
-swollen, painful to the touch, red -heals in 1-2 days -affects the epidermis
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2nd degree burn |
-affects the epidermis and dermis (partially) -blisters may form -skin will be swollen, blistery, painful, watery |
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3rd degree burn |
-affects the entire skin: all the way to the subcutaneous layer -may also damage the underlying muscle, bone, tendon -nerves have been destroyed--so painless -skin will appear black, white, and charred |
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Eczema |
Inflammatory skin condition -with erythematous and papulovesicular lesions -family history of allergic reactions -occurs on face, neck, elbows, knees |
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Psoriasis |
-chronic, recurrent (occurring often) dermatosis -itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales -increased rate of growth of basal layer -autoinflammatory -involves forearms, knees, legs, scalp |
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Lupus Erythematosus |
-Autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints and internal organs -'butterfly' pattern of redness over cheeks and nose -primarily females |
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Scleroderma |
-'hard skin' -hardening of the connective tissue -autoimmune, chronic, progressive disease -connective tissue is widespread and is made of different kinds of proteins (ex: collagen) -extra collagen can prevent organs from performing functionally |
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CREST for scleroderma |
C: Calcinosis-calcium deposits in the skin R: Raynaud's phenomenon-vasconstrict when skin hits cold air E: Esophageal dysfunction-acid reflux and decreased esophageal motility S: Sclerodactyly- thickening and tighetning of the skin on the fingers T: Telangiectasias- dilation of capillaries, causing redness of skin surface
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Tinea |
Infection of the skin caused by fungus -can affect the hair, skin, and nails -highly contagious -causes severe pruritus (itching)
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Tinea corporis |
Ringworm -corporo: body -can be anywhere on the body |
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Tinea pedis |
Athlete's foot |
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Tinea capitis |
scalp |
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Tinea unguium |
affects the nails |
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Vitiligo |
Loss of pigmentation in areas of the skin -a form of leukoderma -autoimmune -loss of epidermal melanocytes |
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Herpes simplex |
-caused by local infection of herpes virus -eruption of blisters on the skin and submucous membranes |
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Herpes zoster |
-also called shingles -very painful because it affects the peripheral nerves -viral infection -causes eruption of blisters that follows the course of the affected nerves |
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Impetigo |
-highly contagious bacterial skin infection -most common in children -caused by the Staph or Strept bacteria -first sign: patch of red, itchy skin |
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Abscess |
-circumscribed collection of pus caused by bacterial infection |
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Carbuncle |
-Collection of large localized abscesses seated in groups of hair follicles and connected by channels -involves many hairs |
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Furuncle |
infection of a hair follicle (one) |
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Cellulitis |
Inflammation of the subcutaneous layer of the skin -caused by bacterial infection |
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Callus |
-caused by repetitive friction/pressure -increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis |
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Keloid |
Thickened scar that develops after trauma or surgical incision -result of excessive collagen formation after surgical connective tissue repair |
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Keratosis |
Condition of the thickened, rough lesion of the epidermis -associated with aging or skin damage |
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Actinic Keratosis |
-Actinic=solar -caused by exposure to UV light -pre-cancerous lesions in the skin |
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Leukoplakia |
-white, thickened patches on the mucous membranes of the tongue and cheek -common in smokers (one type: pre-cancerous lesion) -common in AIDS patients and smokers -could appear hairy |
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Nevus |
-mole -pigmented lesion on the skin |
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Dysplastic Nevi |
-Have atypical cells -may progress to melanoma |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma |
-malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis -most common type of skin cancer -slow growing -usually occurs on skin exposed to sun
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Squamous cell carcinoma |
-malignant tumor of the squamous cells in the epidermis -found wherever squamous cells are found: mouth, larynx, bladder, esophagus
-looks like warts -persistent, thick, rough, scaly patch that can bleed if bumped |
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Malignant Melanoma |
-Malignant tumor composed of melanocytes -cause: predisposition and UV exposure -can affect the lungs, bone, liver, brain |
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ABCDE of skin cancer |
A: Asymmetry--unequal B: Border--irregular C: color--discoloration in one area, the other is lighter D: Diameter: greater than 6mm E: Evolution: the lesion changes over time |
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Skin test |
-Ex: PPD test -intradermal test to determine if have disease |
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Frozen specimen |
-cutting a thin slice of tissue used for quick microscopic examination |
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Dermatome |
-an instrument used for cutting thin slices of skin to use as skin grafts
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Mohs micrographic surgery |
-thin layers of malignant cells are removed and observed microscopically -usually used to treat basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma and other tumors |
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medical esthetician |
licensed professional in the field of cosmetic beauty Ex: laser hair removal, facial treatments, exfoliation |
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Functions of Musculoskeletal System |
-structure and support -store calcium -produce heat -protect internal organs -allow for movement -produce certain blood cells |
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-the body has 206 bones -more than 600 muscles -bones articulate at joints -muscles allow for different types of joint movement |
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Axial skeleton |
-bones of the skull, spine, and thorax (chest) |
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Appendicular |
-bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvis |
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Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx |
7, 12, 5, 5 (fused), 4 (fused) -only thoracic ribs have costal cartilage (articulates with the ribs) -intervertebral disc: fibrous cartilage that absorbs shock |
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Paraplegia |
-paralysis of lower body or both legs from spinal cord injury/disease |
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Quadraplegia |
paralysis of upper and lower limbs
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True ribs, false ribs |
-7 true ribs attach to the sternum directly -5 false ribs are not attached to the sternum directly--through costal cartilage |
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Hip bone |
3 fused bones: ilium (upper section) pubis (anterior) ischium (posterior) |
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Epiphysis |
wider ends of a long bone -THE ENDS |
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Diaphysis |
-the middle shaft region of a long bone |
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Metaphysis |
between diaphysis and epiphysis -the flared section |
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Compact bone |
-harder, denser bone -located around the diaphysis of long bones -provides oxygen, nutrients, and removes wastes -very vascular -lies under periosteum |
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Spongy bone, cancellous bone |
meshlike bone tissue -porous, less dense than compact bone -contains red bone marrow |
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Endosteum |
membrane within medullary cavity |
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Growth Plate |
-area of cartilage that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows -the plate calcifies and disappears when bone growth seizes |
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Ankyl/o |
Stiff |
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Carp |
wrist bones |
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cervic |
neck |
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fasci |
fascia |
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ili/o |
ilium |
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my/o, myos/o |
muscle |
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orth/o |
straight |
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pub/o |
pubis |
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rachi/o |
spinal column, vertebrae |
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rhabdomy/o |
striated muscle -prolong pressure on muscle and atrophy |
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rheumat/o |
watery flow |
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scoli/o |
crooked, bent |
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tars/o |
ankle, hindfoot |
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ten/o, tendin/o |
tendon |
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ton/o |
tension |
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Kyphosis |
hunchback -posterior curvature of the thoracic spine, causing forward rounding of upper back |
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Lordosis |
Anterior curvature of the lumbar spine -inward curve of the lumbar spine |
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Scoliosis |
Sideway (lateral) curvature of the spine |
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-Asthenia |
lack of strength |
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-Clasis |
to break (down) |
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-desis |
bind, tie together |
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-listhesis |
slipping |
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-malacia |
softening |
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-physis |
to grow |
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-porosis |
condition of pores |
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-stenosis |
tightening, stricture |
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-tome |
instrument to cut |
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costovertebral |
pertaining to ribs and thoracic vertebrae |
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Osteosarcoma |
-arises in osteoblasts--starts in the bone -onset: age 15 -at ends of bones where new bone tissue is forming -most common malignant bone tumor in youth -boys are more commonly affected -idiopathic -a lot of pain -may come and go or be severe -fracture--maybe during a routine thing (throwing something--then notice a tumor) -fracture: visible swelling and limited ROM Diagnostic tests: CT, MRI, X Ray, biopsy |
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Osteomalacia |
-softening of the bones -Children: rickets -inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphate in the bone--diet is deficient in vitamin D -bones are soft, easily deformed |
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Osteoporosis |
-age related disorder of decreased bone mass and weakening -most common in women (decreased estrogen) -incr. osteoclast, decr. osteoblast -can occur with atrophy with disuse: -bedridden, legs of paralyzed person, limb in a cast |
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Colles Fracture |
-break occurs near wrist joint at distal end of radius |
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Comminuted |
bone is crushed or splintered into pieces |
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Greenstick |
-often in children -bone is partially broken -breaks on one side, bends on the other side (same bone) |
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Compression |
bone is compressed and collapses -osteoporosis, injury |
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Impacted |
one fragment of bone is impacted to another |
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
-"brittle bone disease" -bone fractures occur easily and throughout life |
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Talipes |
-congenital abnormality of the hindfoot -club foot |
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Polydactyl |
Extra digit |
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Freely movable joint |
synovial joints (shoulder, knee, ankle) |
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Partially movable |
bones between vertebrae |
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Immovable |
sutures in the skull |
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Ligament |
-thickened anchors of connective tissue -connects bone to bone |
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Bursa |
sac of fluid near a joint -promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another |
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intervertebral disc |
-plate of connective tissue between vertebraal discs |
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Meniscus |
cartilage structure in the knee |
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tendon |
fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
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Rotation |
moving in circular direction around axis |
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Osteoarthritis |
-progressive, degenerative joint disorder -cartilage wears down over time -primarily for older people -the joint space narrows due to less cartilage -treatment: joint replacement surgery |
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rheumatoid arthritis |
the fluid is gone so bone rubs on bone |
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Ankylosis Spondylitis |
chronic, progressive stiffening of the joints -primarily in the joints -spondy: spine |
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Gout |
excessive uric acid build up in the body due to congenital defect -uric acid accumulates in the blood, joints, soft tissue near joints -the crystals destroy the articular cartilage and damage the synovial membrane -Podagra (excessive pain on foot) |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
-autoimmune reaction against the joint tissue--especially the fluid -smaller joints affected first, then larger ones -diagnosed by presence of 'rheumatoid factor' in blood |
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Osteopenia |
reduced bone mass |
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Arthrochondritis |
inflammation of the articular cartilage |
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
nerve entrapment in the wrist, causing pain |
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herniated disc |
protrusion of a degenerated/fragmented intervertebral disk |
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Cardiac muscle |
striated, but involuntary |
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Muscular dystrophy |
-inheritable -progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles -nervous system isn't involved |
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Polymyositis |
-inflammation errywhere! -symmetrical muscle weakeness, pain -may have autoimmune component |
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Aspirate a joint |
insert a needle into joint and removing the fluid |
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Bone scan |
-nuclear medicine imaging used to diagnose bone disorders |
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Radiography |
-using X ray to examine any part of body |
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Tenorrhaphy |
removal of the tendon |
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Orthopedics |
medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system |
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chiropractic |
physical manipulation of the musculoskeletal system |
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Podiatry |
medical specialist who focuses on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot |
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rheumatology |
medical speciality focusing on the study, diagnosis, treatment of joint conditions |
