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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the medial border of the anterior triangle of the neck?
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median line of neck from chin to manubrium
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what is the lateral border of the anterior triangle of the neck?
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anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
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what is the superior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?
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horizontal plane formed by lower margin of the mandible
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what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?
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submandibular (digastric) triangle
carotid triangle muscular triangle submental triangle |
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what forms the submandibular (digastric) triangle?
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posterior belly of digastric muscle
anterior belly of digastric muscle inferior border of mandible |
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what forms the carotid triangle?
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posterior belly of digastric muscle
superior belly of omohyoid muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle |
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what forms the muscular triangle?
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superior belly of omohyoid muscle
lower anterior margin of SCM median line of neck |
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what forms the submental triangle?
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anterior bellies of digastric muscle
base above hyoid bone |
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what can be palpated in the parotid space? why?
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tips of transverse processes of C1
they are more prominent than those of other cervical vertebrae |
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at what spinal level is the body of the hyoid bone?
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C3
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in addition to the body, what makes up the hyoid bone?
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greater cornua
lesser cornua (s. cornu) |
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at what spinal level is the thyroid cartilage?
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C4
C5 |
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what is the adam's apple?
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laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
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with what do the inferior cornua articulate?
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cricoid cartilage
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at what spinal level is the cricoid cartilage?
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C6
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where is the upper end of the trachea?
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cricoid cartilage
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where is the trachea palpable?
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from cricoid cartilage
to superior border of manubrium |
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what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?
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internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal vessels |
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from what nerve does the internal laryngeal nerve branch?
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superior laryngeal nerve
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where are tracheostomies performed, preferentially?
where are high tracheostomies performed? |
preferred: tracheal cartilages 2-4
(below cricoid cartilage and isthmus of thyroid gland high: cricothyroid membrane |
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what is a tracheostomy?
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incision in neck and trachea, through which a direct airway is created
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what encloses the trapezius?
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superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
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what forms the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck?
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superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
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what fascia is invested in the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
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what fascia attaches superiorly to the mandible and inferiorly to the clavicle and manubrium?
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superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
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what muscle is overlapped by the platysma?
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sternocleidomastoid
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what descends behind the platysma from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle?
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external jugular vein
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what nerve supplies innervation to the platysma?
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cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
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where are superficial veins of the neck in relation to the deep cervical fascia?
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superficial to deep cervical fascia
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where are the anterior jugular veins?
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in midline of neck
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where do the anterior jugular veins begin?
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submental triangle
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where do anterior jugular veins pierce the deep fascia of the neck?
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above the manubrium
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between what structures do the anterior jugular veins pass?
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posterior border of SCM
upper border of clavicle |
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into what vein do the anterior jugular veins drain?
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external jugular veins
(in posterior triangle of the neck) |
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what are the superficial cervical nerves?
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great auricular nerve
transversus colli nerve |
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what is the anterior cutaneous nerve of the neck?
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transversus colli
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what dermatomes are represented by the superficial cervical nerves?
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C2
C3 |
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where does the cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII) enter the platysma?
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on deep surface near angle of mandible
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what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?
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depress larynx
depress hyoid bone |
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where do the infrahyoid muscles lie?
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between deep fascia and visceral fascia
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what do the infrahyoid muscles cover?
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thyroid gland
trachea esophagus |
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what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
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ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)
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what is the ansa cervicalis?
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motor plexus from ventral rami of C1, C2, C3
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what are the infrahyoid muscles?
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sternohyoid
omohyoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid |
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which infrahyoid muscle lies deepest?
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sternothyroid
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by what is the thyrohyoid muscle innervated?
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by spinal nerve C1, via hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)
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what carries fibers from spinal nerve C1?
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hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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what is formed by the hypoglossal nerve?
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superior root of ansa cervicalis
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what forms the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?
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C2 and C3
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where does the ansa cervicalis lie in the carotid sheath?
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lateral to the internal jugular vein
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from what is the pharynx derived?
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embryonic foregut
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where is the pharynx suspended?
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base of skull to C6
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where does the pharynx lie between C4 and C6?
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between the bodies of vertebrae and larynx
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when does the pharynx become continuous with the esophagus?
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C6
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by a posterior midline raphe, to what do superior, middle, and inferior constrictors of the pharynx attach?
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same constrictor on opposite side
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what artery provides branches which vascularize the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
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external carotid artery
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what vein drains the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
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internal carotid vein
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where is the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
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posterior to the nasal and oral cavities
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which pharyngeal constrictor muscle is continuous with the plane of the buccinator?
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superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
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where do both the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the buccinator arise?
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pterygomandibular raphe
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from where does the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arise?
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pterygomandibular raphe
mylohyoid line of mandible medial pterygoid plate |
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to what does the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle attach at the base of the skull?
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apex of petrous temporal bone
pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone |
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where is the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
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posterior to tongue and larynx
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which muscle is truly a constrictor of the pharynx, and plays a major role in swallowing?
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middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
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from what does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originate?
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thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage |
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what is the most inferior aspect of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
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cricopharyngeus
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what is the cricopharyngeus?
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sphincter between pharynx and esophagus
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what innervates the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
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superior - pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve (CN X)
middle - pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve (CN X) inferior - recurrent branches of vagus nerve (CN X) cricopharyngeus - recurrent branches of vagus nerve (CN X) |
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what nerve fibers control the swallowing reflex?
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motor fibers and parasympathetic fibers of vagus nerve (CN X)
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what is contained within the carotid sheath?
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common carotid artery
internal jugular vein vagus nerve |
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what are the relationships of the structures in the carotid sheath?
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common carotid artery is deep and medial to internal jugular vein
vagus nerve (CN X) is posterior to common carotid artery |
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where is the carotid sheath?
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anterior to the cervical sympathetic trunk (in front of cervical vertebrae)
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on what does the cervical sympathetic trunk lie?
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longus colli muscle
longus capitis muscle (in front of cervical vertebrae) |
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what forms the thyroid gland?
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2 lobes (lateral to larynx and trachea)
isthmus (at level of tracheal cartilages 2-4) |
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what overlaps the thyroid gland?
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sternothyroid muscles
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what is immediately lateral to the thyroid gland?
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carotid sheath
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what is the developmental origin of the pyramidal lobe sometimes present in the thyroid gland?
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tongue area
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what arteries vascularize the thyroid gland?
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superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery |
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where are the recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve (CN X) located?
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lie deep to the lobes of the thyroid, near posterior aspect of trachea
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what is vulnerable during thyroid surgery?
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recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve (CN X)
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how many parathyroid glands are associated with the posterior surface of the thyroid gland?
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4 parathyroid glands
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what are the attachments of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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from medial mastoid process
to anterior belly of digastric by intermediate tendon |
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what ties down the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle?
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fascial sling, tying it down to the body of the hyoid bone
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from what does the posterior belly of the digastric muscle arise?
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2nd branchial arch
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what innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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digastric branch of facial nerve (VII)
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from what is the anterior belly of digastric muscle derived?
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1st branchial arch
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what innervates anterior belly of digastric muscle?
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mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
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with what is the posterior belly of the digastric muscle associated?
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stylohyoid muscle
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what innervates the stylohyoid muscle?
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facial nerve (CN VII)
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what structures are superficial to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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external jugular system
cutaneous branches of great auricular nerve (C2, C3) cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII) |
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what structures are deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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internal jugular vein
internal carotid artery external carotid artery vagus nerve (CN X) accessory nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) deeper: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) cervical sympathetic trunk |
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where does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) run?
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deep to internal carotid artery
penetrates lateral pharyngeal wall with stylopharyngeus muscle |
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what does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) innervate?
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motor to stylopharyngeus
sensory to mucosa of post. 1/3 of tongue sensory to mucosa of pharynx sensory to palatine tonsil sensory to soft palate |
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to where are the upper branches of the vagus nerve (CN X) sent?
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muscles of palate (except tensor palati) as voluntary motor nerves
pharynx as voluntary motor nerves larynx as voluntary motor nerves |
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which nerve innervates tensor palati?
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mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
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where are lower branches of the vagus nerve (CN X) sent?
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parasympathetic to cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera
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what nerve provides sensory fibers with a inferior sensory ganglion in the jugular fossa?
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vagus nerve (CN X)
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what nerve provides sensory fibers in the skin of the external auditory canal with cell bodies in the superior ganglion in jugular fossa?
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vagus nerve (CN X)
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what are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?
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internal laryngeal branch
external laryngeal branch |
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from what nerve does the superior laryngeal nerve branch?
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vagus nerve (CN X)
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which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?
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internal laryngeal branch
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which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve runs on the lateral aspect of the larynx?
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external laryngeal branch
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what does the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?
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sensory to laryngeal mucosa above vocal cords
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what is caused by the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?
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coughing reflex
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what does the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?
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cricothyroid muscle
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what is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?
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tense vocal cords during vocalization
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how is the accessory nerve (CN XI) tested?
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flexing head
turning head shrugging shoulders against resistance |
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what does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervate?
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motor to tongue musculature
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where does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) run?
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deep to middle tendon of digastric muscle to get to digastric triangle
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why is C1 called a hitchhiker?
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it hitchhikes with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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at what level does the common carotid artery split into the internal and external carotid arteries? what is at this same level?
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C3
hyoid bone |
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where is the carotid sinus?
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at the beginning of the internal carotid artery
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what is the carotid sinus?
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cluster of baroreceptors
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with what nerve is the carotid sinus associated?
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glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
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what are the branches of the internal carotid artery in the neck?
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there are none
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where is the carotid body?
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at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
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what is the carotid body?
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cluster of chemoreceptors
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what do the carotid body and carotid sinus control?
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blood pressure
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what branches of the external carotid artery are inferior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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superior thyroid artery
lingual artery ascending pharyngeal artery |
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to where does the superior thyroid artery go?
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superior pole of thyroid gland
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with what does the superior thyroid artery anastomose?
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opposite superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery |
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what are the branches of the superior thyroid artery?
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superior laryngeal artery
cricothyroid branch muscular branch |
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where does the superior laryngeal artery run?
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runs with internal laryngeal nerve
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where does the cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid artery run?
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runs with external laryngeal nerve
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where does the muscular branch of the superior thyroid artery run?
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to SCM muscle
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where does the lingual artery run?
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to the tongue
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where is the ascending pharyngeal artery?
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at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries
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where does the ascending pharyngeal artery run?
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to lateral wall and to nasopharynx
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what branches of the external carotid artery are deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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facial artery
occipital artery |
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where does the occipital artery lie?
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superior to hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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what branches of the external carotid artery are superior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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posterior auricular artery
maxillary artery superficial temporal artery |
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what branch from the posterior auricular artery supplies the facial nerve (CN VII)?
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stylomastoid branch
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compression of what artery, by neuritis, leads to Bell's palsy?
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stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular artery
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what is contained within the digastric triangle?
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superficial lobe of submandibular (submaxillary) salivary gland
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what forms the floor of the digastric triangle?
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mylohyoid muscle
hyoglossus muscle middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle |
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what muscle forms the floor of the mouth?
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mylohyoid muscle
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what are the attachments of the mylohyoid muscle?
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from mylohyoid line
to superior aspect of body of hyoid bone and midline raphe |
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where is the anterior belly of the digastric, compared to the mylohyoid muscle?
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anterior belly of the digastric muscle is superficial to mylohyoid muscle
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from where are both the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle derived?
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1st branchial arch
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what innervates both the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid?
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mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
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from where does the hyoglossus muscle arise?
where does it insert? |
arises from greater cornu of hyoid bone
inserts into tongue |
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what nerve innervates the hyoglossus muscle?
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hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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what is on the lateral (external) surface of the hyoglossus muscle?
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hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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what lies on the medial (internal) surface of the hyoglossus muscle?
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lingual artery
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