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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the statement "Greeks did not live on land, but around a sea" mean about their culture and lifestyle? |
aegean, ionian & the black sea were transportation routes that linked most parts of greece. |
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How did Greece's rugged terrain divided by mountains influence: |
Greeks Political Life: Divided land into regions Transportation: Most of few roads were little dirt paths Farming: Most was stony, only small part was arable |
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How did climate effect activity in Greece? |
It varied in ancient times, it supported an outdoor life |
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Mycenaean people were Indo-Europeans who migrated from the Eurasian Steppes. How was Mycenae Rules? |
strong kings ruled areas such as tyrants & thebes. |
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What did Mycenaeans learn from contact with the Minoans? |
they saw the value of seaborne trade |
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what are the stories told about the Mycenaean war with Troy? |
Greek army destroyed Troy because a trojan prince kidnapped Helen, beautiful wife of paris. |
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why did greek culture decline under the dorians? |
they were far less advanced. |
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with no written record in Greece for 400 years, how did Homer keep the history of greece alive? |
with his spoken words, poems |
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what is the significance of the greek myths? |
understood mysteries of nature, power of human passions, changing of seasons |
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who are the following greek gods? |
zeus: ruler of gods. hera: Zeus's wife athena: goddess of wisdom |
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what is a polis & how are they important? |
fundamen polical unit |
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define: |
monarchy: a king ruled aristocracy: ruled by a group of nobles oligarchy: ruled by few powerful people |
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how did sparta differ from other city states? |
instead, they built a military state |
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messenians, after defeat by soarta were forced to be Helots. what is a helot? |
a serf/slave. |
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Sparta's government: |
unusual, 2 kings ruled & several branches are similar to US |
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what sacrifices did spartans make to establish their military strengths? |
boys had to train for war at age 7, slept on hard benches, had little to no food |
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what caused sparta & athens to unite? |
the war against persia |
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how did the shift from bronze to iron change armies? |
made possible new kind of army composed of merchants |
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what is a phalanx? |
group of foot soldiers, moving in formation |
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how did the greeks defeat the persians & king darius the great in marathon? |
they were out numbered. they wore light armor & lacked training |
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failed to defeat greece: |
pheidippides : the persians sailed to the harbor, they found the city heavily defended. Thermopylae: army met no resistance as it marched down the eastern coast of greece. Salamis: where they positioned their fleet. |
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what is Delian League? |
several greek-City states |
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how did the persian war impact Greece? |
new sense of confidence & freedom |
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how did pericles seek to strengthen democracy? |
increased the # of publif officials who were paid salanes. |
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direct democracy? |
a form of government in which citizens ruled directly & not through representatives |
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how did Peloponnesus feel about Pericles attempts to strengthen the empire? |
they didn't like it & made their own alliance |
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Greece under Pericles achievements: |
art: sculpted big structures & greek temples architecture: built giant structures & temples drama: had the first theatre in the west history: poems & stories |
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who battled in the Peloponnesian war? |
athens & sparta |
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how did Athenians hold of the invading Spartans? |
avoid land battle & waited to dtrike sparta.. & allies from the sea |
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who was victorious? |
SPARTA |
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philosopher: |
thinker who uses logic & reason to invess the nature, universe, human society & morality |
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significant teachings of philosophers: |
socrates: believed that absolute standards did exist for truth & justice plato: wrote down the generations if socrates (vision of a perfectly governed society) |
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how did greeks view macedonians? |
looked down upon them as uncivilized foreigners who had no philosophers, sculptures or writers |
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what lands was alexander the great able to conquer in his 13 years of reign? |
Persia, Egypt, & India |
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the Egyptian city of _______ became the foremost center of commerce & Hellenistic civilization |
ALEXANDRIA |
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what attractions is Alexandria most famous for? Why? |
statues of greek gods, royal palaces, tomb containing Alexander's pharaohs |
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Hellenistic scholars really depended on the scientific teaching of what two societies? |
GREEK & EGYPTIAN |
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what two significant scientific discoveries did Aristarchus make? |
1. estimated the sun was atleast 300 limes larger than earth 2. earth & the other planets revolve around the sun |
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how were Alexander's discoveries viewed by other people of his tine? |
other astronomers refused to support astronauts theory |
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what did ptolemy put forth for astronomy? |
incorrectly placed earth at the center of the solar system |
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in what areas did the Eratosthenes contribute to human kind? |
highly regarded atronomer & mathmatican Eratosthenes |
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in what areas did Eratosthenes contribute to human kind? |
highly regarded astronomer & mathematician Eratosthenes so was a poet & historian |
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what area of math did he specifically contribute too? |
GEOMETRY |
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what contributions did Archimedes make? |
he accurately estimated the value of Pie & explained the laws of lever |
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what are the teachings of Epicurus? What did he say was the goal of humans? |
Gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe to achieve harmony or body & mind |
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what is Colossus of rhodes? |
the largest Hellenistic statue, bronze.. stood more than 100 ft high. Topped by an earthquake. to honor gods, commemorate heroes & potray ordinary people |
